Tissues Lecture Flashcards
1
Q
Epithelial tissue does what?
A
covers body surfaces
2
Q
connective tissue does what?
A
supports, connects
3
Q
muscle tissue does what?
A
contractions
4
Q
nervous tissue does what?
A
communicates
5
Q
Name the tissue?
-Forms boundaries between different environments, protects, secretes, absorbs, filters
A
Epithelial
6
Q
Name the tissue?
-Supports, protects, binds other tissues together
A
Connective
7
Q
Name the tissue?
-Contracts to cause movement
A
Muscle
8
Q
Name the tissue?
-Internal communication
A
Nervous
9
Q
Name the surface is toward a lumen (open space)
A
Apical
10
Q
Name the surfaces are toward other epithelial cells
A
Lateral
11
Q
Name the surface is toward the basement membrane
A
Basal
12
Q
Cells have polarity. Name the 3?
A
Apical, Lateral, Basal
13
Q
Which surface may bear microvilli (e.g., brush border of intestinal lining) or cilia (e.g., lining of trachea)
A
Apical
14
Q
Which surface is Noncellular basal lamina of glycoprotein and collagen lies adjacent to
A
Basal Surface
15
Q
Which surface binds directly to other cells through desmosomes, tight junctions, or gap junctions
A
Lateral
16
Q
What tissue is this?
- Cells are tightly packed and attached by cell junctions (tight junctions and desmosomes)
- ________tissue is avascular (lacks circulatory system)
- _______tissue lacks a nervous system (Nerves only send projections into tissue)
- It Is supported by connective tissue reticular lamina (under basal lamina)
- Covers the surfaces of the body (internal and external)
- Has a high rate of regeneration
A
Structural Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue
17
Q
Name the Cell Junction
- Keep substances from passing between cells
- Line Simple Epithelia
- Columnar Epithelia in the Intestine
A
Tight Junction
18
Q
Name the cell junction
- Allow small molecules and ions to pass through to adjacent cells
- Found in most epithelial cells
- Nerve and Cardiac cells
A
Gap Junctions
19
Q
Name the cell junction
–Mechanical protein links which bind cells together in tissues subject to considerable stretching
*Found in skin, heart, muscle, and uterus
A
Desmosomes
20
Q
Name the Cell Junction
–Mechanical protein links which bind cells to the basement membrane in most tissue
A
Hemidesmosomes
21
Q
Name the Cell Junction
-–Weak glycoprotein bonds which assist tight junctions in binding epithelial cells together
A
Adherance Junctions
22
Q
one layer of cells
A
simple
23
Q
more than one layer of cells
A
Stratisfied
24
Q
The cells are much wider than they are tall.
A
squamous
25
The cells are about as wide as they are tall.
cuboidal
26
The cells are much taller than they are wide.
columnar
27
Name the cell
-One layer of squamous shaped cells
Location: Lung Alveoli (endothelium)
Blood/lymphatic (endothelium)
Heart (endothelium)
Serous membranes (mesothelium)
Function: Allows diffusion and filtration of material where protection is not important.
Simple Squamous Epithelium
28
Name the cell
-One layer of cuboidal cells
Location: Tubules of kidneys, Pancreas, Thyroid, Small glands, Ovary
Function: Secretion &Absorption
Simple Cuboidal Epithelial Cells
29
```
Name the cell
-One layer of columnar cells
Location: Most of the digestive tract
Gall bladder
Ducts of some glands- Ciliated Small bronchi
Some parts of the uterus
Function:-Absorption
-Secretion (enzymes, mucus) - propels mucus/reproductive cells
```
Simple Columnar Epithelial Cells
30
Name the cell
-Multiple layers of squamous cells
Location: Non-keratinized type
Skin, Mouth, Esophagus, Vagina
Function: Protection against mechanical stress and abrasion
Stratified Squamous Epithelial Cells
31
Name the cell
Location: Ciliated Type: Trachea/Most of the upper respiratory tract
Non-cilated type:Sperm carrying ducts/some glands
Function: -Secretion of mucus -Propulsion of mucus through cilia
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelial Cells
32
Name the cell
-Multiple layers Cells change shape
Location: -Urinary bladder -Ureters -Urethra
Function: Stretches readily and permits distention
Transitional Epithelial Cells
33
What are the four types of glandular epithelia?
- Endocrine glands
- Exocrine glands
- Unicellular exocrine glands
- Multicellular exocrine glands
34
Name the glandular epithelia:
- Ductless glands
- Secrete hormones that travel through lymph or blood to target organs
Endocrine glands
35
Name the glandular epithelia:
- More numerous than endocrine glands
- Secrete products into ducts
- Secretions released onto body surfaces (skin) or into body cavities
- Examples include mucous, sweat, oil, and salivary glands
Exocrine glands
36
Name the Exocrine gland:
| -Unicellular exocrine glands
Unicellular exocrine glands
37
Name the Exocrine gland:
- Are composed of a duct and a secretory unit
- Classified according to:
* Duct type (simple or compound)
* Structure of their secretory units (tubular, alveolar, or tubuloalveolar)
Multicellular exocrine glands
38
Name the Modes of Exocrine Secretions:
| -Products are secreted by exocytosis (e.g., pancreas, sweat and salivary glands)
Merocrine
39
Name the Modes of Exocrine Secretions:
| -Products are secreted by rupture of glandcells (e.g., sebaceous glands)
Holocrine
40
What binds the tissues together?
tendons
41
What Supports and strengthens other tissues?
Dermis of Skin, Membranes
42
What Protects the vital organs?
Skeleton
43
what transports?
blood
44
Insulation and Energy Storage
Fat
45
Mitotically active and secretory cells are called
Blasts
46
Mature cells are called
Cytes
47
Fibroblasts are found in
connective tissue proper
48
Chondroblasts and chondrocytes are found in
cartilage
49
Osteoblasts and osteocytes are found in
bone
50
Name the Protein Fibers of the Matrix (Connective Tissue)
- Most common protein in the body
- Consists of Three wound bands of Polypeptides similar to “rope”
- Very strong and flexible, but cannot stretch
- Strongest fiber
Collagen
51
Name the Protein Fibers of the Matrix (Connective Tissue)
- Very fine collagen fibers
- Not as “significant”
- Fills the gaps between other connective tissue
Reticular
52
Name the Protein Fibers of the Matrix (Connective Tissue)
- Protein which is shaped like “springs” at the molecular level
- Is capable of distention and compression
Elastic fibers
53
Name the Connective Tissue:
- Consists of Elastic Fibers and Collagen Fibers
- Random distribution Fibroblasts, Macrophages, Mast cells
- Widely distributed, under skin, digestive tract, surround organs/capillaries etc.
Loose (Areolar) Connective Tissue
54
Name the Connective Tissue:
- Reticular fibers support other cells (white blood cells)
- Found in lymphoid organs (spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow)
Loose (Reticular) Connective Tissue
55
Name the Connective Tissue:
- Dense Collagenous Tissue (regular/irregular)
- Found in TendonsDense Elastic Tissue (regular)
- Found in Blood Vessel Walls
Dense Connective Tissue
56
Name the Connective Tissue:
- Some reticular fibers, adipocytes store fat
- Widely distributed in the body
Adipose Tissue
57
Name the Connective Tissue:
–Function: Can withstand tension in many different directions, Provides structural strength
-Location:Dermis of the skin, Fibrous capsules of organs and joints, and Submucosa of digestive tract
Dense irregular connective tissue
58
Chondrocytes sit in spaces called
Lacunae
59
What are the 3 types of cartilages ?
- Elastic
- Hyalin
- Fibrocartilage
60
Name the cartilage:
- Thin, pale collagen fibers (not visible)
- Ends of long bones (joints), trachea, larynx, growth of skeleton
- Can withstand compression forces
- Provides support and cushioning properties
Hyalin Cartilage
61
Name the cartilage:
- More elastic fibers in the matrix
- Ear and epiglottis
- Can recoil when bentMaintains shape and flexibility
Elastic Cartilage
62
Name the cartilage:
Thick visible collagen fibers
-Pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs, miniscus in knee
-Can withstand tearing forces and absorb compressive shock
Fibrocartilage
63
Name the Connective Tissue:
•Hard, calcified matrix, with a lot of collagen fibers
-Osteocytes lie in lacunae
Function: Support/protection, Stores calcium, minerals, and fat, Blood cell formation.
-Location: Bone
Bone
64
Name the connective tissue:
•Composed of red and white cells in plasma (fluid matrix)
-Function:Transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, wastesand other substances
-Location:Contained within blood vessels
Blood
65
Name the tissue:
- Function:Transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors
- Transmit electrical signals to effectors (muscles and glands)
- Location: •Brain•Spinal cord•Nerves
Nervous tissue
66
Name the muscle tissue:
- Striated, long cells, multinucleated
- Muscles that voluntarily move the skeleton
Skeletal
67
Name the muscle tissue:
- No striations, involuntary, influenced by hormones and the autonomic nervous system
- Blood vessels, intestine, walls of hollow organs
Smooth
68
Name the muscle tissue:
- Striated, intercalated disks, single nucleolus in each cell,involuntary, branching fibers, influenced by hormones and autonomic nervous system,
- Heart muscle, pumps blood
Cardiac
69
Parietal serosae lines within
internal body walls
70
Visceral serosae covers
internal organs
