To / From Flashcards
에게 / 에게서
To say ‘to’ and ‘from’ a person, respectively. (formal)
To say ‘to’ a person, you’ll use 에게 after the person.
Ex: 빌리 씨에게 줬어요. ‘I gave it to Billy.’
Ex2: 지민 씨에게 사탕을 주세요. ‘Please give the candy to Jimin.’
Ex3: 저에게 한국어를 가르쳐 주세요. ‘Please teach Korean to me.’
Ex4: 우리에에 보여주세요. ‘Please show it to us.’
Ex5: 저는 의주 씨에게 보냈어요. ‘I sent it to Euijoo.’
To say ‘from’ a person, you’ll use 에게서 after the person.
Ex: 빌리 씨에게서 선물을 받았어요. ‘I got a present from Billy.’
Ex2: 선생님에게서 들었어요. ‘I heard it from the teacher.’
Ex3: 저는 빌리 씨에게서 한국어를 배우고 싶어요. ‘I want to learn Korean from Billy.’
Ex4: 지민 씨에게서 받았어요. ‘I got it from Jimin.’
Ex5: 지민 씨에게서 전화가 왔어요. ‘I got a call from Jimin.’
Note: Whenever you’re saying ‘from’ a person, the 서 is actually optional.
You can just say 에게 to mean both ‘to’ and ‘from.’
Whether it means ‘to’ or ‘from’ will always be clear by the context of the sentence.
So feel free to just use 에게 for both.
에 / 에서
To say ‘to’ or ‘from’ a location, respectively.
Remember that the particle 에 can mark either the location where someone is going to, or the location where someone or something is.
(See the Particles flashcards for more details)
까지
To say ‘as far as’ or ‘until’ a location.
Ex: 집에서 학교까지 갔어요. ‘I went from home to school.’
Ex2: 은행까지 가 주세요. ‘Please go to the bank’ or ‘as far as the bank.’ (*Note: This is a common way you can ask a taxi driver to drive as far as, or up until a location.)
The particle 까지 can also mark the location someone is going to, and it can also mark that something goes ‘as far as’ (but no further) or ‘until’ a location.
한테 / 한테서
To say ‘to’ and ‘from’ a person, respectively. (informal)
Ex: 아빠한테 주고 싶어요. ‘I want to go give it to dad.’
Ex2: 누구한테서 받았어요? ‘Who did you get that from?’
에게 and 에게서 are also used to say ‘to’ and ‘from’ a person, but 에게 and 에게서 are more formal particles, and they’re less common in everyday speech.
Instead, you’ll actually want to use the particles 한테 and 한테서.
Note that 한테 and 한테서 should not be used in formal situations, but these particles are not impolite.
The 서 in 한테서 is also optional, same with the 서 in 에게서.
So you can also say 누구한테 받았어요? ‘Who did you get that from?’
Pronouncing the consonant 히읗 (ㅎ)
in order to pronounce 한테 / 한테서 correctly
Due to sound change rules, the 히읗 (ㅎ) sound will disappear before the consonant 이응 (ㅇ).
Ex: 좋아요 is pronounced as 조아요 and not as 조하요.
If a regular consonant comes before or after 히읗 (ㅎ), that regular consonant will become pronounced as a strong consonant, and the 히읗 (ㅎ) sound will disappear.
Ex: 좋다 ‘to be good’ will be pronounced as 조타, and not 조흐다.
In fact, any time this consonant 히읗 (ㅎ) comes before or after any consonant in Korean when speaking, it will get softer or even disappear completely.
This is because 히읗 (ㅎ) is not the same as an ‘H’ in English. It’s a much softer sound.
Ex: 전혀 is pronounced closed to 저녀, not 전’혀.
Ex2: 올해 is pronounced as 오래, not 올’해.
Ex3: 감히 is pronounced like 가미, not 감’히.
Ex4: 전화 is pronounced like 저놔, not 전’화.
So to pronounce 한테 / 한테서 correctly, pronounce it as 안테 / 안테서.
Any time you are talking about any sort of communication, say ‘to’ that person or ‘from’ that person instead of using the object marker.
Whenever you’re using any form of communication (talking, calling, or asking), use 에게 / 에게서 (or 한테 / 한테서) to mark the person who someone is being communicated to.
Ex: 빌리 씨한테 전화를 했어요. ‘I called (to) Billy on the phone.’
Ex2: 빌리 씨한테 말하고 싶지 않아요. ‘I don’t want to say it to Billy.’ Or, ‘I don’t want to tell Billy.’
Ex3: 빌리 씨한테 물어봤어요. ‘I asked (to) Billy’, or just ‘I asked Billy.’
So remember to always use ‘to’ or ‘from’ when talking about any sort of communication.
