Conjunctions Flashcards
그리고
And (beginning of a sentence)
Used when starting a sentence, and you want to add additional information to something you previously said.
Verb Stem + 고
And (middle of a sentence)
To say ‘and’ in the middle of a sentence, and thereby continue the sentence, use the verb ending 고.
verb ending 고 when connecting action verbs
Whenever this is used with an action verb, what it actually means is that you are doing the first action verb, 고, and then doing the next action verb that comes after it.
So you can think of this as translating as either just ‘and’ or even ‘and then.’
Ex: 저는 피자를 먹어요. + 저는 집에 가요.
We can combine them to get: 저는 피자를 먹고 집에 가요.
‘I eat pizza and (then) go home.’
using either 과 or 와 when connecting nouns
When you want to connect nouns together, you’ll use either 과 or 와 with the noun.
Attach 과 if the noun ends in a consonant
Attach 와 if the noun ends with a vowel.
Ex1: 한국과 미국에 갈 수 있어요.
‘I can go to Korea and America.’
Ex2: 저는 피자와 샐러드를 먹고 싶어요.
‘I want to eat pizza and salad.’
과 and 와 are polite particles, so they wouldn’t be normally used when speaking with your close friends who are the same age as you or younger.
과 and 와 can also translate as ‘with’.
Ex: 스테이크와 감자. ‘Steak and potatoes’ or ‘steak with potatoes.’
하지만
But (beginning of a sentence)
To say ‘but’ or ‘however’ at the beginning of a sentence. It adds contrasting information to something that you previously said.
Verb Stem + 지만
But (middle of a sentence)
To continue your sentence by saying ‘but’ without ending the sentence, you can also use the verb ending 지만.
그렇지만
It is so, but….
This comes from the verb 그렇다 meaning ‘to be so’.
It shows a little bit more contrast than 하지만, but has the same meaning.
그런데
This comes from the verb 그렇다 meaning ‘to be so’., and the verb ending 데.
그런데 shows less contrast than 하지만, but is much more common in casual or informal conversation, and has the same meaning.
