Tobira L3 Grammar

Question 1

他に(も); 他(に)は

Answer 1

Nの他に(も) meaning “in addition to N”

他にも= in addition to, besides・他には(ない) = not, except for, other than

Question 2

(~と)同じ {ぐらい・くらい}

Number + Counter + くらい

Answer 2

“about the same”

Question 3

それに

S1. それに, S2. S1 し, それに, S2.

Answer 3

is used to add an item or make an additional statement

futhermore, moreover, in addition, what’s more, on top of that, and

Question 4

(の)なら

Answer 4

is used when the speaker supposes that something is the case or is true and makes a statement, suggestion,, based on that suggestion. の occurs before なら when the supposition is based on what the speaker has head from someone or learned from the situation

Nなら = would, could // S のなら = if (its the case that); if (its true that)

Question 5

として

Answer 5

used to indicate the role, capacity, or occupation of someone or the fuction or characteristic of something

as, in the capacity of

Question 6

Verb NP ことになっている

Answer 6

means that something has been decided and the result of that decision is still in effect, often used to introduce rules and customs and one’s schedule

be supposed to; it is a rule that; its been decided that

Question 7

をしている・をしたN

Answer 7

used to describe a feature of someone or something, focusing on a certain part or attribute of the person or thing

have

Question 8

てくる

Answer 8

when an action appears to be directed toward the speaker; indicates that an action or process began in the past and is continuing in the present, or that something has begun to take place

Question 9

ていく

Answer 9

used when it appears to be directed away from the speaker; expresses an action or state that will continue from the present into the future

continue, become, grow

Question 10

ように（たのむ・いう）

i

Answer 10

is used to quote a request or command indirectly

てくれるようにたのむ＝to ask someone to V, ようにいう＝to tell someone to V

Question 11

て（くれる・くれない・もらえる・もらえない）

with rising intonation is used to make requests in casual conversations

Answer 11

will you…? could you…?

Question 12

Verb NP ようにする

Answer 12

make an effort to do, make an effort to do so that, try (one’s best) to do, try one’s best so that

indicates one’s conscious effort to do something for some purpose, sometimes fails

Question 13

かな（あ）

sentence end particle, indicates self addressed question

Answer 13

i wonder…

Question 14

なるべく

Answer 14

“as much/often as possible”