Tobira L4 Grammar

Question 1

V-Plain Past たげかり

げかりのN

Answer 1

indicates that someone has just done something or something has just happened

Question 2

できれば・できたら

Answer 2

“if possible”; “if you don’t mind”; “if its alright”

Question 3

（ない）うちに

Answer 3

used when someone does something before a situation or state changes

while, still, ないうちに = before (something happens)

always implies that it is not possible, easy, or a good idea to do something after the time specified by the clause

Question 4

QW ても

Answer 4

“no matter” or “without regard to”

no matter what/who/when/where/how

Question 5

それで

Answer 5

a sentence initial conjunction, preceeding a fact, conclusion, or decision; cannot be used when S2 is the speaker’s judgement, request, or command

because of that, so, thats why, for that reason

Question 6

〜ん『だけど・ですが』

Answer 6

preliminary remark by the speaker to inform the listener of their desire/situation before asking a question, asking for an opinion, making a request; can also be used to extend an invitation

んだけど＝ more causal んですが＝ more formal

Question 7

〜ず（に）

Answer 7

synonymous with ないで when ないで means “without doing something else” or “instead of doing something”

more formal

Question 8

Verb - Non Past ように

Answer 8

this construction is used to state either a purpose or the way in which something is to be done

so that, in such a way that

X ようにY, X represents a state or event which is beyond the control of the subject Y.

Question 9

まず

Answer 9

an adverv which means “first of all”

first of all, to begin with, before everything

Question 10

Sと（かんがえられている・思われている）

Answer 10

used to introduce a generally accepted opinion regarding some matter; かんがえられている indicates an opinion arrived at through logic; 思われている indicates an opinion derived from intuition

speaker/writer’s opinion

it is consider that~; it is believed that

Question 11

まい〜のように

Answer 11

“almost every”

まい＋Time Word のように