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Schizophrenia > Token Economy > Flashcards

Flashcards in Token Economy Deck (16)
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1
Q

token economy is based on…

A

operant conditioning

2
Q

it is a _ system

A

reward

3
Q

it reduces patterns of _ behaviours such as not having a shower

A

maladaptive

4
Q

a token is a _ reinforcer

A

generalised

5
Q

the more rewards to choose from, the _ powerful the token, so it becomes more _

A

more, effective

6
Q

stage one is pairing a token with a rewarding _, the token is a _ reinforcer

A

stimuli, secondary

7
Q

stage two: the pp engage in the ‘_’ behaviour and reduce _ behaviours

A

‘target’, inappropriate

8
Q

stage 3: the pp is given a token for _ behaviour

A

target

9
Q

stage 4: the pp can _ the token for a desirable item

A

trade

10
Q

Reinforcing target behaviours: Sran and Borrero compared ?, and found…

A

compared tokens of single rewards options versus multiple options, found higher rates of response for multiple options

11
Q

The trade: Kazdin said effectiveness may _ if time passes between the _ and _

A

decrease, presentation of the token, exchange for rewards

12
Q

Assigning value to the tokens: during early stages, the reward must be _ presented

A

immediately

13
Q

Evaluation- research support: who? reviewed _ studies of TE for Sz. results? but studies had _ problems

A

Dickerson et al reviewed 13 studies of TE for Sz. they found it had beneficial effects showing effectiveness, but studies had methodological problems

14
Q

Evaluation- difficulties assessing success of TE: who? suggests studies are often _, usually all pp’s are involved and there is no _. therefore? and other factors may be involved e.g…

A

Comer suggests studies are often uncontrolled, usually all pp’s are involved and there is no control group. therefore no comparisons can be made and other factors may be involved e.g. increased staff attention

15
Q

Evaluation- hospital setting: who? suggests it is less useful for _ (why?) and only people in _ can be controlled. so it is hard to maintain results beyond a _ environment

A

Corrigan suggests it is less useful for outpatients as it can only be used a couple of hours per day for them and only people in 24hr care can be controlled. so it is hard to maintain results beyond a hospital environment

16
Q

Evaluation- ethical concerns: may need control over important _ reinforcers such as (2 e.g.s) all humans have _ that can’t be violated regardless of positive consequences that may be achieved

A

may need control over important primary reinforcers such as food and privacy all humans have basic rights that can’t be violated regardless of positive consequences that may be achieved