Tolerance and Autoimmunity

Question 1

Describe the roles of T and B cells and antibodies in SLE.

Answer 1

T cells: pathogenic, help for antibody
B cells: present antigen to T cells
Antibodies: pathogenic

Question 2

Describe the roles of T and B cells and antibodies in type I diabetes.

Answer 2

T cells: pathogenic
B cells: present antigen to T cells
Antibody: unclear, present

Question 3

Describe the roles of T and B cells and antibodies in Myasthenia gravis.

Answer 3

T cell: help for antibody
B cells: antibody secretion
Antibody: pathogenic

Question 4

Describe the roles of T and B cells and antibodies in MS.

Answer 4

T cell: pathogenic
B cells: present antigen to T cells
Antibody: unclear, present.

Question 5

In which organs in the Type IV collagen non-collagenous domain found?

Answer 5

Kidney, lung, testis, neuromuscular junction, choroidal plexus.

Question 6

List the clinical features of SLE

Answer 6

Skin disease, GN, autoantibodies to nuclear proteins, anaemia, reduces platelets/WBCs, joint disease, pleurisy, cerebritis/psychosis

Question 7

What signalling molecules to Treg cells express?

Answer 7

CD4+, CD25 (growth factor for IL-2 receptor alpha), Foxp3 (lineage specific factor)
Some express IL-10 and TGF-beta

Question 8

Which cytokine can immature DCS use to induce Tregs?

Answer 8

TGF-beta

Question 9

What are the fate-specifying cytokines for TH1 cells?

Answer 9

IFN-gamma, IL-12

Question 10

What are the fate-specifying cytokines for TH2 cells?

Answer 10

IL-4

Question 11

What cytokine do Th-1 cells secrete?

Answer 11

IFN-gamma

Question 12

Which cytokines do Th2 cells secrete?

Answer 12

IL-4, IL-5, IL-13

Question 13

What are the fate-specifying cytokines for TH17 cells?

Answer 13

TGF-beta, IL-6, IL-23

Question 14

What are the fate-specifying cytokines for Tfh cells?

Answer 14

IL-6

Question 15

What are the fate-specifying cytokines for Treg cells?

Answer 15

TGF-beta, IL-2

Question 16

Which cytokines do Th17 cells secrete?

Answer 16

IL-17, IL-22

Question 17

Which cytokines do Tfh cells secrete?

Answer 17

IL-21

Question 18

Which cytokines do iTreg cells secrete?

Answer 18

TGF-beta, IL-10

Question 19

Which DR allele is protective against Goodpasture’s syndrome?

Answer 19

DR-1, generate Treg cells in the thymus

DR-7

Question 20

Which DR allele confers susceptibility to Goodpasture’s syndrome?

Answer 20

DR15, more naive effector T cells produced

Question 21

Which signal is inhibitory of co-stimulation?

Answer 21

CTLA4

Question 22

What is FORp3?

Answer 22

Transcription factor in Treg cells

Question 23

Which disease do mice with IL-10 deficiency develop?

Answer 23

Inflammatory bowel disease through loss of normal regulation of gut immunity

Question 24

Mutations in which gene may lead to loss of central tolerance?

Answer 24

AIRE

Question 25

Mutations in which gene may lead to loss of peripheral tolerance?

Answer 25

Foxp3, Treg failure

Question 26

Mutations in which gene may lead to antigen clearance and presentation abnormalitie?

Answer 26

C1q

Question 27

Mutations in which gene may lead to loss of apoptosis?

Answer 27

Fas