TOLs Flashcards
Sterile Cockpit
Used to minimize distractions within 10nm of an airport when workload is high
Normal takeoff procedures in the PA 28-181
When #1 for takeoff: Lights (strobe and landing), camera (transponder in ALT mode), action (fuel pump on, mixture full fwd).
Rotate at 60KIAS, lift-off ~65KIAS.
Accelerate to 76KIAS (Vy)
Perform ‘after takeoff checklist’ when 1,000’ AGL
Blossom effect
An aircraft on a collision will have no apparent relative movement to you and the target will “blossom” a few seconds before impact.
Potential Energy + kinetic energy = ?
Total energy available
Whereas;
Potential Energy = Altitude Available
Kinetic Energy = Airspeed
An excessive sink rate would range between _________ fpm per the AFH
> 800 - 1000 fpm
If these sink rates are exceeded, the decent is not stable and a go-around should be performed
If a landing cannot be made in the first third of the runway or the airplane drifts sideways, the pilot should?
Execute a go-around (per the AFH)
Engine failure after rotation with no runway remaining procedure (PA 28-181)
Airspeed........76 KIAS Fuel selector......OFF Mixture.......CUTOFF Magnetos......OFF Flaps......ADJUST Battery Master......OFF
Land at the lowest possible airspeed, straight ahead, and avoid obstacles
FAR 91.103
Preflight action
When would you make base turn if another aircraft is in the traffic pattern ahead of you?
When abeam to the other aircraft that is on final
Aborted landing on short final you should?
Fly parallel to the runway on the opposite side of the pattern. (I.e. to the right if pattern is left traffic)
After takeoff checklist (PA 28-181)
Climb at 90 KIAS after passing 500’ AGL
CRUISE CLIMB…..90KIAS
THROTTLE…..FULL
FLAPS……UP
Typical VFR approach briefing
- The type of approach and landing
- State the landing runway
- State the field elevation
- State the pattern altitude
- State the wind direction and speed
- State the aiming and touchdown points
- Go-around criteria and plan
Ex: “This will be a normal 25 degree flaps landing. Aiming at the 2nd stripe after the numbers, touching down on the 1,000’ markings.”
Stabilized approach
One in which the pilot establishes and maintains a constant glidepath. It’s dependent on a constant final descent speed and configuration.
Should be declared stabilized at:
500’ AGL when VFR
1000’ AGL when ILS approach
Departing a nontowered airport
- State direction of flight in departing call
- Continue straight out to TPA and male course turn (45 degrees) if turn is to the same direction as TP
- If departing to the opposite direction of TP, make the 45 degree turn out when 500’ above TP
Gust factor
Is added to approach and/or takeoff speed in gusty conditions
Equation: (gusts - wind) x .5
Example: Wind is steady at 8 and gusting at 18, so, (18-8)x.5=5. So we’d add 5 to our takeoff or approach KIAS.
Before landing checklist
POWER……~1500RPM
FUEL PUMP……ON
MIXTURE……FULL FWD
FLAPS…..(25 degrees for normal approach. 10 or 0 degrees in gusty conditions. Pull 45 degrees if too fast on short final)
Forward slip
- Technique used in headwinds
- Airplanes motion continues the same
- The wing on the side toward which the slip is to be made should be lowered (ailerons)
- Simultaneously the airplanes nose must be yawed in the opposite direction (rudder)
What is the maximum speed in a traffic pattern at an uncontrolled airport?
No more than 200 knots
Pilots must not attempt an overly ______ ______ to final, especially ________! If in doubt, go-around!
Steep turn; uncoordinated
Definition of Coordinated Flight: Application of all appropriate flight and power controls to prevent slipping or skidding in any flight coordination.
Most mid-air collisions occur
- During the daylight hours
- Below 1,000’
- On short final/final approach leg in the airport traffic pattern
Conditions that result in high density altitude are?
- High elevations
- Lower atmospheric pressure
- High temperatures
- High humidity
Or some combination of these factors
Conditions that result in low density altitude are?
- Low elevations
- High atmospheric pressure
- Low temperatures
- Low humidity
Or some combination of these factors
At high AOA the CP (center of pressure) moves _______ while at low AOA the CP moves _______.
Forward; aft
Density altitude formula
Pressure altitude + [120 x (OAT - ISA Temp)]
ISA Temp is 15 degrees Celsius at sea level
