Tongue

Question 1

The tongue is a unique _____ structure located on the ______ of the _____

Answer 1

Muscular
Floor
Oral cavity

Question 2

The average length of the tongue is about _____cm and width ____ cm

Answer 2

10
3

Question 3

Functions of the tongue:

Answer 3

•Manipulates food for mastication
•Rolling of food to aid swallowing process
•Sensation(taste buds)
•Phonetic articulation

Question 4

Name the regions of the tongue:

Answer 4

Apex
Body
Root

Question 5

The apex of the tongue is a ____ and _____ _____end(or tip) directed forward against the _______ surfaces of the ______ teeth.

Answer 5

Thin
Narrow
Anterior
Lingual
Incisor

Question 6

The body of the tongue is the ______ of the tongue.

Answer 6

Anterior two third

Question 7

Root of the tongue is directed _______ (______) and connected with the _____ , ______ and ______

Answer 7

Posteriorly
Posterior third
Hyoid bone
Epiglottis
Oropharynx

Question 8

The body and apex of the tongue is extremely _____ while the root is ____.

Answer 8

Mobile
Fixed

Question 9

The _____ and _____ of the tongue is extremely mobile while the _____ is fixed.

Answer 9

Body
Apex
Root

Question 10

How many surfaces does the tongue have? Name them

Answer 10

Two
Ventral surface
Dorsal surface

Question 11

The ventral surface is the ____ surface in contact with the _____ of the mouth and can be elevated by a distinct ____ cold called the ______.

Answer 11

Smooth
Floor
Vertical
FRENULUM LINGUAE

Question 12

Role of frenulum linguae:

Answer 12

Allows the anterior part of the tongue to move freely.

Question 13

The Dorsal surface of the tongue is the ____ _____ surface marked by a _____ which divides it into _______ halves.

Answer 13

Superior
Rough
MEDIAN SULCUS
Symmetrical

Question 14

Dorsum of the tongue is characterized by a ____ shaped groove called ____ which is a _____ groove. The angle of which runs ____ wards from the median ______(___).

Answer 14

V
TERMINAL SULCUS
Shallow
Lateral
FORAMEN CAECUM(pit)

Question 15

Explain the foramen caecum:

Answer 15

It is the non-functional remnant of the embryonic thyroglossal duct where the thyroid gland descended from.

Question 16

The _______ divides the dorsum of the tongue in to anterior part in the ______ and the posterior part in the _____.

Answer 16

Terminal sulcus
Oral cavity proper
Oropharynx

Question 17

The dorsum of the anterior 2/3rd contains ______.

Answer 17

PAPILLAE

Question 18

Define papillae:

Answer 18

Small numerous projections

Question 19

The posterior 1/3rd of the dorsum contains ____

Answer 19

Tonsil

Question 20

Tonsil are ___ shaped masses of ______ which gives the posterior third of the dorsum an ______ appearance known as _____

Answer 20

Oval
Lymphoid nodule
Irregular cobble stone
Lingual tonsil

Question 21

Papillae of the tongue can be defined as ______/_____ or ______ of _____ membrane.

Answer 21

Elevations
Projections
Folds
Mucous

Question 22

Papillae are distributed over the ______ part of the dorsum of the tongue giving its surface a characteristic ______

Answer 22

Anterior
Roughness

Question 23

A large number of papillae contain _____ which are receptors used in detecting ____ perception; namely(4)

Answer 23

Taste buds
Taste
Salty, sour, bitter and sweet

Question 24

Types of papillae on the tongue:

Answer 24

Circumvallate papillae
Folate papillae
Filiform papillae
Fungiform papillae

Question 25

Circumvallate papillae run in an _____ ___ pattern and lie directly _____ to the terminal sulcus. They are ___ - ___ in number. They are ___ papillae with ____ tips and ____ bases(____). Each one is surrounded by a ___ groove(____/_____)

Answer 25

Inverted V Anterior 8-12 Large Broad Constricted (conical) Deep ( Trench or valley)

Question 26

Circumvallate papillae are embedded deeply on the tongue and do not project on the surface as the other papillae. They contain ___ taste buds.

Answer 26

Many

Question 27

Folate papillae are found ____ to the circumvallate papillae on the two_____ margins. They are ______ or ____ found in humans. Each papillae has _____ taste buds.

Answer 27

Anterio-lateral Lateral Rudimentary/rarely Many

Question 28

Filiform papillae are the ____ numerous covering the dorsum. ____, _____ , ____ papillae. They have ___ taste buds.

Answer 28

Most Threadlike, thin, long No

Question 29

Fungiform papillae are _____-like shaped, ____ papillae. They are ____ but much less frequent than _____. They are found chiefly at the ____ around the ____ and ____.

Answer 29

Mushroom Short Larger Filiform papillae Sides Tip and apex

Question 30

Fungiform papillae is a_______ connective tissue core giving it a ____ coloration in the living state and ______

Answer 30

Highly vascularized Red May contain taste buds

Question 31

Taste buds are ____ shaped structures located in the ______ that form the papillae on the _____,_____,____ and ____. NOTE: taste buds are found within the epithelium of all papillae.

Answer 31

Flask Epithelium Dorsum of the tongue Soft palate Epiglottis Pharynx

Question 32

Each taste bud is ____ at both ends. It is made up of ___ types of cells, namely;

Answer 32

Constricted Three •Neuroepithelial taste /Gustatory cells •Supporting or sustentacular cells •Basal cells

Question 33

Neuroepithelial taste cells are ____ shaped cells which act as ____ occupying the ____ portion of the bud. The superficial surface is seen with ___ or ____ that project into the taste pore. They have an _____,____ nuclei and it’s based is connected to ____ that give the function of ____

Answer 33

Spindle Chemoreceptors Central Hairlets/ microvilli Enlongated ,Central Sensory nerve fibres Carry impulses or taste sensation to the brain(afferent Nerve)

Question 34

Supporting cells are ____,_____ cells which form the ____ of the taste bud

Answer 34

Elongated columnar Outer wall

Question 35

Sustentacular cells form synapses at their base. True/ False

Answer 35

False. They do not form synapses at their base.

Question 36

Basal cells are ____ cells in the ____ portion of tastebuds thought to be ____ ____ for taste cells/undifferentiated or _____ taste cells.

Answer 36

Small Basal Stem cells Immature

Question 37

List the structural components of the tongue:

Answer 37

Muscles Epithelium

Question 38

The muscles of the tongue is ____/____. They are connected to _____ at its posterior end.

Answer 38

Skeletal/striated Hyoid bone

Question 39

Name two types of muscles of the tongue:

Answer 39

Intrinsic muscles Extrinsic muscles

Question 40

The intrinsic muscles form the ___ of the tongue. It has _____ muscles on each side of the _____ of the tongue, they originate and insert within the tongue. Function of these muscles:

Answer 40

Bulk Four paired Median septum They alter the shape of the tongue by lengthening, shortening, curling,uncurling, flattening and rounding

Question 41

Intrinsic muscles are named according to how they travel. True/False

Answer 41

True

Question 42

Superior longitudinal runs ____ along the ____ surface of the tongue under the mucous membrane from the median septum near the ____and ____ to the margins of the tongue.

Answer 42

Anterio-posteriorly Superior Epiglottis Hyoid bone

Question 43

Inferior longitudinal run from the ___ to the ____ of the tongue ____ the superior longitudinal muscle.

Answer 43

Root Apex Below

Question 44

Verticalis is found in the ___ of the tongue and joins ____ and ___

Answer 44

Middle Superior and inferior longitudinal musvks

Question 45

Transversus arises from the ______ to the ____ of the tongue.

Answer 45

Median fibrous septum Sides

Question 46

The tongue is lined or covered by ______ epithelium

Answer 46

Stratified squamous

Question 47

Extrinsic muscle are ____ muscles which originates from structures _____ the tongue(anchored to bone) and age inserted into the tongue.

Answer 47

Four paired Outside

Question 48

Function of extrinsic muscle:

Answer 48

Change the position of the tongue by protruding, retracting, depressing and elevating

Question 49

______ connected the tongue with the mandible

Answer 49

Genioglossus

Question 50

Hyoglossus arises from the ____ and ____ of the ____ to enter the ____ is the tongue.

Answer 50

Body Greater Cornu Hyoid bone Sides

Question 51

_______ arises from the styloid process of the temporal bone to the ___ of the tongue

Answer 51

Styloglossus Surface

Question 52

____ connects the tongue to the ___ palate

Answer 52

Palatoglossus Soft palate

Question 53

Blood supply of tongue: Primary supply: Secondary supply:

Answer 53

Lingual Artery from external carotid artery Tonsillar branches of the facial artery and the ascending pharyngeal artery

Question 54

Drainage of tongue:

Answer 54

Lingual veins which drain into INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN

Question 55

Nerve supply of tongue: (General Sensory innervation)

Answer 55

Anterior 2/3rd: Lingual Nerve of V3 Posterior 1/3rd: Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Question 56

Nerve supply to tongue: (Special sensory for taste)

Answer 56

Anterior 2/3rd: Chorda tympani branch of facial Nerve Posterior 1/3rd: Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Question 57

Motor innervation:.

Answer 57

Hypoglossal Nerve supplies all intrinsic and extrinsic muscle except Palatoglossus

Question 58

Palatoglossus muscle is innervated by:

Answer 58

Vagus Nerve CN X

Question 59

Applied anatomy:

Answer 59

Gag reflex Ankyloglossia Paralysis of genioglossus Macroglossia Microglossia

Question 60

Surgical removal of the part of tongue is _____ and used for treatment of _____

Answer 60

Partial glossectomy Macroglossia