Tongue Anatomy And Nerve Topography

Question 1

Answer 1

Transverse

Question 2

Answer 2

Hypoglossal nerve

Question 3

Answer 3

The Rainine vein

Question 4

Answer 4

They alter the tongues position

Question 5

**What are the 3 functions of the tongue

Answer 5

Swallowing (deglutition) tasting (gustation), speaking (phonation)

Question 6

**What are the two type (categories) of tongue muscles

Answer 6

Intrinsic and extrinsic

Question 7

**Intrinsic muscles ________ have attachments outside of the tongue, extrinsic muscles _________ have attachments outside the tongue

Answer 7

Don’t, do

Question 8

**The 4 intrinsic muscles _____________ of the tongue and the 4 extrinsic ________ the tongue

Answer 8

Change shape of, move

Question 9

Inferior longitudinal, superior longitudinal, transverse, and vertical are all __________ muscles

Answer 9

Intrinsic

Question 10

Palatoglossus, hypoglossus, styloglossus, genioglossus are all ___________ muscles

Answer 10

Extrinsic

Question 11

**What muscle is this and what is its function?

Answer 11

Superior longitudinal, shorten tongue

Question 12

**What is this muscle and what is its action?

Answer 12

Inferior longitudinal, shortens tongue

Question 13

**What is this muscle and what is its action?

Answer 13

Transverse, narrows and elongates tongue

Question 14

**What is this muscle and what is its action?

Answer 14

Palatoglossus, elevates root of tongue

Question 15

**What is this muscle and what is its action?

Answer 15

Styloglossus, draws the tongue upwards and backwards

Question 16

**What is this muscle and what is its action?

Answer 16

Hypoglossus, depresses tongue

Question 17

What is this muscle and what is its action?

Answer 17

Genioglossus, protruded tongue

Question 18

The genioglossus can be separated into two separate fiber groups (GGo, GGh). What are they called?

Answer 18

Horizontal and oblique

Question 19

GGh fibers _______ the tongue and GGo fibers _________ the tongue

Answer 19

Protrude, depress

Question 20

The hypoglossal nerve CN XII carries only motor info and innervates almost all of the muscles of the tongue except…..

Answer 20

The Palatoglossus (innervated by the vagus nerve)

Question 21

Which branch of the HGN is the genio located

Answer 21

The medial branch (m-XII): intervene GG, TV, IL

Question 22

The HGN _______ branches are the inclusionary branches

Answer 22

Medial

Question 23

The HGN _______ branches are the exclusionary branches

Answer 23

Lateral

Question 24

**What are the 6 layers you go through to get to the HGN IN ORDER

Answer 24

Skin, platysma, digastric (if visible), mylohyoid, genohyoid, genoiglossas

Question 25

** what is this muscle layer, think/thin?, fiber direction?

Answer 25

The platysma, thin large, vertical fibers

Question 26

** what is this muscle layer, think/thin?, fiber direction?

Answer 26

Digastric: two bellies, sometimes visible sometimes not, verticals fibers, carful not to cut (retract)

Question 27

** what is this muscle layer, fiber direction, attachment?

Answer 27

Mylohyoid, horizontal/oblique fibers, attached at hyoid, make vertical dissection starting at mandible

Question 28

** what is this muscle layer, think/thin?, fiber direction, attachment?

Answer 28

Geniohyoid, thick and robust, Vertical fibers, attached at hyoid bone

Question 29

** what is this muscle layer, think/thin?, fiber direction, what does it have that also serves as a landmark, attachment point?

Answer 29

Genioglossus, thin, vertical fibers, fatty raphe pale in color, attached at mandible,

Question 30

**what are the 4 intrinsic muscles

Answer 30

Inferior longitudinal, superior longitudinal, transverse, vertical

Question 31

**what are the four extrinsic muscles

Answer 31

Palatoglossus, hypoglossus, styloglossus, Genioglossus

Question 32

**the four extrinsic muscles _____ the tongue

Answer 32

Move

Question 33

**the four intrinsic muscles ____________ the tongue

Answer 33

Change the shape of

Question 34

**The superior longitudinal muscle is an _______ muscle. Acting alone it makes the tongue ________, and acting with the inferior longitudinal, it________ the tongue

Answer 34

Intrinsic, concave, shortens

Question 35

**The inferior longitudinal muscle is an _______ muscle. Acting alone it makes the tongue ________, and acting with the superior longitudinal, it________ the tongue

Answer 35

Intrinsic, convex, shortens

Question 36

**the transverse muscle is an ________ muscle. It ____________ and ________ the tongue

Answer 36

Intrinsic, narrows, elongates. Activating this muscle will help treat OSA

Question 37

**the vertical muscle is an ________ muscle that ______ and _______ the tongue

Answer 37

Intrinsic, flattens, widens

Question 38

**what structure serves as the landmark for identifying the hypoglossal nerve?

Answer 38

The Reinen Vein