Toolkit 3 Flashcards
What are the influences on your approach?
- what do you intend to achieve
- sample size
- when and where
- how you intend to process
- time and resources
Aims of a good questionnaire
- valid
- reliable
- unbiased
What are the 5 types of questionnaire
- face to face
- street survey
- telephone survey
- postal survey
- depth, or semi structured
Face to face interview?
- direct encounter
- interviewer asks questions from a schedule
- records responses
Street survey
- face to face
- brief encounter
- interviewer asks questions and records responses
Telephone survey
- contact by phone
- pre determined schedule
- few simple questions
Postal surveys
- no interviewers
- questionnaires sent by post
- cover letter explains completion and return details
What are benefits of postal survey?
- large specific groupings to be targeted
- the cheaper method of gathering data
- feel less pressurised
- eliminates interviewer bias
- enables supporting documentary evidence to be consulted
What are limitations of postal survey?
- slow response times
- ambiguous
- poor responses rates
Email survey
- medium of electronic mail
- care required in selecting target group
- response rates can be poor
Characteristics of good questionnaire
- must be understood
- clear instruction for use
- show consideration for respondent
- provide desired data
- in a form that can be effectively and quickly analysed
What are the three types of questions and describe them?
- factual: eg age, education, occupation. Relatively easy to design
- opinion: difficult to design, subjective, attitudes, emotions
- closed: limited to a simple response, eg tick box
What are open questions?
- much more freedom to express his/her own thoughts
- much more difficult to code and analyse
DO’s of a questionnaire
- explain purpose
- simple and to the point
- no jargon or slang words
What must you do if you include sensitive questions?
- place towards end of survey
- tick box categories
How to improve response rates
- format and appearance
- pre-notification
- postage (you pay for return)
- advertising (local paper)
- incentives (copy of results)
Importance of a covering letter
- should be designed to maximise response rates
- not patronising
- brief explanation of research
- emphasise the value of their input, apologise for burden on their time
What is random sampling advantages?
- chances of everyone being included
- guaranteed to be representative so unbiased sample
Random sampling disadvantages
- other methods have control
- big distances to respondents- travel time
What is systematic sampling?
- systematically through a sampling frame (eg every 100th person or 10th household)
What is stratified sampling advantages
- same as simple random sampling
- easy to use in the field
What is multistage sampling?
- involves dividing population into groups or clusters
What is stratified sampling?
- STRATA- internally homogenous groups, similar within but different between. Stratify according to characteristics.
- METHOD- determine the strata and then sample from the strata in proportion to its size
Snowball sampling
Find one respondent and ask for more names. Eg. Drug users
