Tools Flashcards

Question

Which materials are used to absorb neutrons ?

Answer 1

Cadmium, Lithium, Boron

Answer 2

At least 3 months, (except for special materials with activity \< than 50 kBq)

Answer 3

The transport index (T.I.) is defined as the maximum dose rate in millirem per hour at 1 m from the package, expressed as a number without units to the tenth’s place, rounded up to the next higher tenth

Answer 4

HSCO, SOCO, MCCO, BSCO, FSCO, MWCO, PTCO, CCCO.

Answer 5

Energy per unit mass transferred to any medium by radiation. Units: rad (radiation absorbed dose) 1 rad = 100 ergs per gram 1 gray (Gy) - 1 joule per kilogram 1 gray (Gy) = 100 rad

Answer 6

It's a strain gauge, based on Wheatstone bridge principle

Answer 7

This three-way normally-closed (NC) solenoid valve controls hydraulic pump pressure (HPPR) to the pilot port of control valve A (CVA), which in turn controls hydraulic pressure to the anchor shoe, core pusher piston, and COCK side of the marker system.

Answer 8

Anhydrite is mineral - anhydrous calcium sulphate, CaSO4

Answer 9

Half Value Layer thickness

Answer 10

Curie (Ci), which is equivalent for activity of one gram of Radium. 1 Ci = 3.7 x 10(10) becquerels

Answer 11

2.1 - 2.8 g/cc

Answer 12

Barite constant correcton

Answer 13

The XPAM: Mechanical block containing the anchors, the probe/packer assembly, the equalization valve and the protective gauge buffer. - The XPMC: Cartridge containing all acquisition and control electronics for the three pressure gauges (one CQG-L and two Sapphire ).

Answer 14

0.05 - 2 cc/sec

Answer 15

Metamorphic rocks are formed by subjecting any rock type (including previously formed metamorphic rock) to different temperature and pressure conditions than those in which the original rock was formed. These temperatures and pressures are always higher than those at the Earth's surface and must be sufficiently high so as to change the original minerals into other mineral types or else into other forms of the same minerals

Answer 16

\< 2.5 microsievert per hour

Answer 17

1. Permanent or temporary SLB locations, outside tool - locked cabinet or drawer in Controllled area 2. Permanent or temporary SLB location inside tool - Controlled area 3.Non-SLB location (wellsite or transport ) - no requirements specified 4.All other non-SLB locations - storage not allowed

Answer 18

Standard HSGR corrections (mud weight and borehole size)

Answer 19

The amount of ionization in a unit mass of air caused by Gamma rays. SI unit is coulombs per kilogram (C/kg). 1 roentgen (R) = 2.58 x 10(-14) c/kg

Answer 20

1. Standard - 18 in 2. High - 8 in 3. Very High - 2 in

Answer 21

about 202 cc at 1200 psi (83 bar )

Answer 22

The ability of mineral or element to slow down neutrons

Answer 23

The mud compensation spring, - The auto-retract spring, - The hydraulic motor-pump, - Three solenoids, - One hydraulic pressure gauge, - The electromechanical pretest drive and piston assembly.

Answer 24

Desintegrations per second (dps)

Answer 25

Pressure gauge PG1 is a 0-to-1000 psi bourns pressure gauge (0 to 2000 ohms FS) that monitors the hydraulic pressure (CMPR) applied to the coring motor (CM). This pressure signal is applied to the downhole controller in the MCEC-AA as one input for controlling the coring operation.

Answer 26

Potassium (40K), Thorium (232Th), Uranium (238U)

Answer 27

The U.S. RSO

Answer 28

The limit switch is activated at the upper stroke limit of the core pusher piston to inform the downhole controller that the core pusher is fully retracted. The surface computer will not activate SV2, which would rotate the coring motor out to the face of the formation, until the core pusher is retracted. Since the core pusher rod runs through the center of the drill bit, it would be damaged if the motor rotates out before it is retracted.

Answer 29

Alpha, Beta and Gamma

Answer 30

1 millisievert per year

Answer 31

10 for indvidual package 50 as sum of all packages

Answer 32

55.5 us/ft

Answer 33

1. Individual's name 2. Date of issue 3. Serial number of key issued

Answer 34

1.686 g/cc

Answer 35

Protons (colored vectors) are polarized along B0 (blue). • Protons are pulsed by a B1-field (red) and rotate to the x-y plane. • Protons precess according to local variations of the B0 magnetic field and dephase. • A second B1 pulse causes the protons to flip 180 degrees about the axis of the B1 pulse. • Each proton will return to its original starting point, generating an “echo” received by the antenna. • This process repeats according to the sequence.

Answer 36

This three-way NC solenoid valve controls hydraulic pump pressure (HPPR) to the pilot port of control valve B (CVB), which in turn controls hydraulic pressure to the coring motor kinematics piston.

Answer 37

88.0 us/ft

Answer 38

Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock composed of mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite

Answer 39

3200 psi (22063.22 kpa, 220.6 bar)

Answer 40

Sandstone (sometimes known as arenite) is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized minerals or rock grains. Most sandstone is composed of quartz and/or feldspar because these are the most common minerals in the Earth's crust

Answer 41

The rate of precession of the proton moments is called the Larmor frequency and is related to magnetic field as follows: f₀=(ý/2П)B₀

Answer 42

Geiger-Mueller

Answer 43

Atomic number (Z), is number of electrons in neutral atom (electrons/atom). Should be equal to number of protons.

Answer 44

Sedimentary rocks are formed by deposition of either clastic sediments, organic matter, or chemical precipitates (evaporites), followed by compaction of the particulate matter and cementation during diagenesis. Sedimentary rocks form at or near the Earth's surface. Mud rocks comprise 65% (mudstone, shale and siltstone); sandstones 20 to 25% and carbonate rocks 10 to 15% (limestone and dolostone

Answer 45

Electron capture decay

Answer 46

=\> 20 microsievert per hour

Answer 47

The 600 VAC hydraulic motor power is received in phantom between logging conductors 1 and 4. The center tap of transformer T1 outputs power to M2 via lower head pins 13 and 7. The motor capacitor connected in series with lower head pin 7 shifts the phase of the motor voltage applied to its winding. The M2 motor is used to power the hydraulic system pump (P2), which will pump 177 cc/min at 3600 rpm with a pressure of 3500 psi. This hydraulic pressure powers the operation of the anchor shoe, kinematics piston, core pusher piston, and marker actuator system.

Answer 48

HMX – H447489

Answer 49

The MCAP-AA contains the motor circuit high voltage power transformers. It is required because these transformers are too large to fit into the MCPP-AA. The MCAP-AA is extremely heavy

Answer 50

Three major groups of rocks are defined: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

Answer 51

Pressure gauge PG2 is a 0-to-5000 psi bournes pressure gauge (0 to 2000 ohms FS) that monitors the hydraulic pressure (HPPR) applied to the kinematics control circuits. This pressure signal is applied to the downhole controller in the MCEC-AA as one of the inputs for controlling the coring operation.

Answer 52

XPCC: eXpress Pressure Control Cartridge XPS : eXpress Pressure Sonde XPAMS: eXpress Pressure Anchoring and Measure Sonde XPMC: eXpress Measure Cartridge

Answer 53

Measure of Biological Significance of the absorbed dose. Valid only for humans and for low doses. Equal to Absorbed dose X Quality Factor (QF) for particular type of radiation. H= D x QF

Answer 54

The coring motor pressure is applied as an input to the feedback flow controller (FFC) assembly, which uses the pressure to control weight-on-bit by relieving excess pressure on the kinematics piston if the coring motor pressure increases too much. Other than this feedback function, the coring motor hydraulic circuit has no other hydraulic interface to the remaining hydraulic circuit.

Answer 55

Water, paraffin wax, polyethelene - materials reach with Hydrogen

Answer 56

International Air Transport Association ,

Answer 57

88.5 us/ft

Answer 58

20 microSv per hour

Answer 59

Mudcake correction

Answer 60

Sonic Formation TYpe

Answer 61

Acquisition and control electronics for three pressure gauges

Answer 62

The 600 VAC coring motor power is applied to the coring pump motor M1 via logging conductors 2,3,5 and 6 with return on armor (10). The power is applied to two separate motor windings via lower head pins 3,4,5 and 6. The phase shifted power is applied to the winding connected to lower head pins 5 and 6. The motor powers the coring motor pump (P1), which provides up to 1800 psi hydraulic pressure (1300 psi sustained) to power the hydraulic coring motor only.

Answer 63

The MRX consists of three assets: • The MRXP is the power cartridge. It delivers all power to the tool. A load leveler maintains constant pulse power during RF transmission. • The MRXC is the electronics cartridge. It houses the sequencer, down hole controller, tool memory and signal processing electronics. • The MRXS is the sonde. It contains the magnet, antennae, and related RF electronics.

Answer 64

43.5 us/ft

Answer 65

The MCPP-AA and the MCAP-AA (MSCT Auxiliary Panel) develop the surface power for the cartridge and both electric motors. The MCPP-AA provides: • 0-500 VAC cartridge power • 600 - 1100 VAC hydraulic motor power • 600 - 1100 VAC coring motor power.

Answer 66

International Commission on Radiation Protection, publishes guides on radiation protection

Answer 67

Amount of material which gives one desintegration per second

Answer 68

International Maritime Organization

Answer 69

Beta decay

Answer 70

RDX is dyed light pink • HMX is white • HNSis pale yellow • PYX is dark yellow

Answer 71

Igneous rocks are formed when molten magma cools and are divided into two main categories: plutonic rock and volcanic. Plutonic or intrusive rocks result when magma cools and crystallizes slowly within the Earth's crust (example granite), while volcanic or extrusive rocks result from magma reaching the surface either as lava or fragmental ejecta (examples pumice and basalt)

Answer 72

International Atomic Energy Agency, agency of UN, develops the recommendations for transport of radioactive materials

Answer 73

47.5 us/ft

Answer 74

Pressure gauge PG3 is a 0-to-5000 psi bourns pressure gauge (0 to 2000 ohms FS) that monitors the kinematics plate pressure (RPPV, rotating plate pressure value), which is the pressure applied to the kinematics piston. This pressure signal is applied to the downhole controller in the MCEC-AA to control weight-on-bit (WOB).

Answer 75

Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed largely of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Many limestones are composed from skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral or foraminifera. Известня́к — осадочная горная порода органического, реже хемогенного происхождения, состоящая преимущественно из CaCO3 (карбоната кальция) в форме кристаллов кальцита различного размера. Известняк, состоящий преимущественно из раковин морских животных и их обломков, называется ракушечником

Answer 76

A mineral is a naturally occurring substance that is solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and has an ordered atomic structure. It is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals, and does not have a specific chemical composition

Answer 77

HI = grams of H/cc in formation

Answer 78

92.0 us/ft

Answer 79

No requirements are specified

Answer 80

30.2 years

Answer 81

1. MCPP-A (Power Panel) 2. MCAP-A (Auxiliary Panel) 3. MCCM-AB (MSCT Tool Module) 4. Auxiliary generator

Answer 82

In geology, a rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids. For example, the common rock, granite, is a combination of the quartz, feldspar and biotite minerals. The Earth's outer solid layer, the lithosphere, is made of rock. Го́рные поро́ды — природная совокупность минералов более или менее постоянного минералогического состава, образующая самостоятельное тело в земной коре

Answer 83

1.65 - 3.051 g/cc for density, 1.5 - 5.7 for PEF

Answer 84

Casing and cement thickness correction

Answer 85

20 millisievert per year

Answer 86

3 years in general, 5 years for Canada and US.

Answer 87

From the length of time that Neutron stays at thermal level

Answer 88

Dolomite is a carbonate mineral composed of calcim magensium carbonate CaMg(CO3)2

Answer 89

Bound Fluid Logging (BFL) operates as a continuous depth log at a single-DOI. • BFL measures the fast-decaying NMR signals, namely short T2’s. Full polarization is achieved for water in small pores, however heavy oil and fast-diffusing light hydrocarbons may also contribute. • BFL operates in enhanced precision mode.

Answer 90

Basic Magnetic Resonance (BMR) and Radial Profiling (RP) modes each operate as a continuous depth log on a shallow and a deep DOI. • Both provide standard NMR outputs of porosity, bound fluid, free fluid, permeability, and T2 distributions. BMR runs twice as fast as RP at a cost of some polarization. • Data from the two DOI are not averaged together. • BMR and RP operate in enhanced precision mode

Answer 91

Standard NMR log with full polarization up to T1 = 3 sec. Two DOI.

Answer 92

High Resolution antenna combined with the Main. Detects light hydrocarbons by polarization contrast between HR and Main antenna.

Answer 93

Alternative to RP for long T1 and/or low porosity applications. Two DOI. Useful for light hydrocarbon and / or large pores.

Answer 94

Diffusion-based fluid characterization. Two DOI.

Answer 95

Fast logging with polarization up to T1 = 1 sec. Two DOI. (Analogous to sandstone mode with CMR).

Answer 96

Fast logging for bound fluid. Single DOI.

Answer 97

Different shell correspond to different DOI's (depths of investigation) Shell - like a certain part, slice of formation

Answer 98

The most important feature of MRX is that answers are acquired independently at multiple DOI in a continuous depth log. All standard modes except bound fluid logging include a shallow (1.25 or 1.5 inch) and a deep (2.3 or 2.7 inch) DOI to allow for invasion profiling.

Answer 99

In a gradient design, the B0 strength decreases with distance from the borehole. • Changing the tool frequency selects slices or “shells” of formation. • The lower the frequency, the deeper the shell.

Answer 100

3 antennas in total Main Antenna – 5 DOIs: 1.5 inch, 1.9 inch, 2.3 inch, 2.7 inch, 4 inch. – 18 inch aperture. • Upper and Lower High Resolution antennae – 1.25 inch DOI. – 7.5 inch aperture.

Answer 101

DOIs on the main antenna are Shell 1 through Shell 4 (1.5 through 2.7 inches) and Shell 8 (4 inches). – The Lower High Resolution (LHR) antenna is Shell 9. – The Upper High Resolution (UHR) antenna is Shell 10.

Answer 102

The method of NMR measurement is sometimes called the CPMG measurement sequence – after the inventors Carr, Purcell, Meiboom and Gill

Answer 103

Only High Resolution Pass can be log down. That would be LHR (S3\_S9 ) or UHR (S3\_S10).

Answer 104

No! ## Footnote 1. Do not use a cable jumper directly from the Maxis without a real cable 2. Do not use a dummy cable, will be burnt when high voltage is applied. Modified dummy cable for high voltage might be used. 3. A real cable is required at least 12kft. Note that successful job has been run with 11kft of cable.

Answer 105

Yes! ## Footnote 1. In hole sizes 5 7/8" - 7.5" where you run without the MRX bow spring and shoes, you need to run at least 600lbs weight to aid tool decent in the casing section. 2. In larger hole sizes \>7.5" where you run with MRX bow spring and shoes, you do not need weight to aid tool decent in the casing section.

Answer 106

NPLC (LDSC) + ECS-A

Answer 107

0.083" (at logging speed 1800 ft/hr)

Answer 108

maintains probe and packer seal at the face of the formation • prevents particulate flow in unconsolidated formations • prevents large differential pressure drops on the flowline when the sample bottle is committed • maintains the sample at a pressure above its bubble point during sampling • probe and pumpout module may be connected below the sample chambers (MRMS, MRSC, MRSS) to reach zones near the bottom of the hole • MPSR and MRSC samples can be overpressured (not possible with SPMC or MSB/MSV bottles due to self-sealing feature).

Answer 109

Standard low-shock sampling consists of using the MDT pumpout module (MRPO) to pump the sample from the MDT probe (MRPS/MRPQ) or packer (MRPA) module into the sample bottle against the force of borehole pressure. In this configuration, the probe and MRPO can be connected above or below the MRSC/MRMS/MRSS module in the string, as long as the MDT hydraulic module (MRHY) is connected adjacent to the probe.

Answer 110

``` Pumpout module displacement unit may contain fluid and particles from other test zones which can contaminate the current sample. ```

Answer 111

Reverse low-shock sampling consists of using the MDT Pumpout Module (MRPO) to draw the buffer fluid out of the sample bottle and pump it out to the borehole. In this configuration, the MDT probe (MRPS/MRPQ) and MRPO are connected on opposite ends of the sample chamber (MRMS, MRSS) tool string. The probe may be located above the sample chamber or below the sample chamber as long as the MDT hydraulic module (MRHY) is located on the same side.

Answer 112

The main advantage of reverse low-shock sampling over standard low-shock sampling using the sample chamber is that the MRPO is pumping out buffer fluid instead of pumping in the sample itself. Since the MRPO is not pumping the sample directly into the bottle, any contaminate in the displacement unit of the MRPO will not affect the purity of the retrieved sample.

Answer 113

MRSR and MRSC samples cannot be overpressured

Answer 114

maintains probe and packer seal at the face of the formation • prevents particulate flow in unconsolidated formations • prevents large differential pressure drops on the flowline when the sample bottle is committed. • maintains the sample at a pressure above its bubble point during sampling • probe may be connected below the sample chamber to reach zones near the bottom of the borehole. • sample flowline can be flushed without contamination from the displacement unit of the MRPO

Answer 115

Refers to the de-energized state; i.e., open or closed, of the solenoid valve. When a solenoid valve is de-energized it is in its normal or default state. Therefore, a normally closed (NC) solenoid valve means that with no power applied it is closed. On the other hand, a normally open (NO) solenoid valve means that with no power applied it is open.

Answer 116

This term means that the solenoid valve switches the control out port between either the valve input port (pump output) or the valve pump return port. When de-energized, a NO three-way solenoid valve connects the control port to the input port, while isolating the pump return port. When energized, a NO three-way solenoid valve connects the control port to the pump return port, and isolates the pump input port. When de-energized, a NC three-way solenoid valve connects the control port to the pump return port, and isolates the input port. When energized, a NC three-way solenoid valve connects the control port to the input port, and isolates the pump return port.

Answer 117

This term means that the solenoid valve merely connects or disconnects the input port to the output port. Pump return is not involved, unless it is connected to one of the ports.

Answer 118

8 solenoids: * six normally-closed (NC) three-way solenoid valves (SOL1, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8) * one normally-open (NO) three-way solenoid valve (SOL2) * one normally-open (NO) two-way solenoid valve (SOL6).

Answer 119

All the solenoids valves are actuated (energized) with a DC voltage of +50 V. Solenoids valves SOL1 and SOL2 are unique in that once energized they can be kept energized with +15 V. The +15V backup supply is provided by the Retract Delay board. This is done to allow the auto retract mechanism to be delayed in the event of an intermittent 50V power loss.

Answer 120

An AC voltage up to 900 V is present on logging conductors #2, #3, #5, #6, and #7 at the surface. • During normal operation, an AC voltage up to 375 V is present at upper-head pin 2 of the MRPC. • A DC voltage of +50 V at 20 A is present at upper and lower heads of the MDT modules. • MAXIS can provide an AC voltage up to 800 V between the surface ends of logging conductors #1 and #4. • Typically an AC voltage of 250 V is present between upper-head pins 1 and 4 of the telemetry cartridge and the MRPC during normal operation. • An AC voltage of 250 V (cartridge voltage) is present at lower-head pins 20 and 21 of MDT through-wired modules. (Most MDT modules have been built new or modified with sonde voltage and cartridge voltage through-wire harnesses.) • Sonde voltage up to an AC voltage of 600 V may be

Answer 121

Before disconnecting any modules from the MDT string, relieve pressure in the MRHY by opening (unscrewing) the Accumulator Drain Valve (ADV). • Use caution when unscrewing threaded parts or porthole covers that do not spin off freely. Keep your hands and face clear of threaded parts and porthole covers during removal. • Use caution when disassembling the Modular Reservoir Hydraulic Module (MRHY) or the Modular Reservoir Pumpout Module (MRPO), especially in the accumulator spring area. The accumulator spring that provides automatic retract capability to the MDT probe has a spring force of 2000 lbf/in. • Use caution when calibrating the strain gauge or precision pressure gauges using a dead-weight tester or other high pressure source. – When calibrating a gauge at high pressure, it is best to place the dead weight tester in a bunker away from unnecessary personnel whenever possible. – Make sure that all pressure fittings and connectors are rated for the pressure levels to be applied to the gauge being calibrated. - Do not stand in front of any fittings, gauges, or valves that are under high pressure. Stand to the side of any component that may become a projectile in the event of a pressure failure.

Answer 122

Visible and near-infrared absorption for fluid composition For the optical absorption (spectroscopy) measurement, light shines through the fluid via the sapphire windows mounted in the flowline. • GOR detection for formation oil property The amount of light absorbed at several specific wavelengths gives an indication of the amount of oil, water and gas, as well as the oil properties (GOR) and OBM contamination level in the flowline. • pH measurement The pH is obtained by using pH-sensitive reagents. • Change in index of refraction for gas detection For gas detection, an angle of infrared light is aimed at the interface between a sapphire window and the fluid in the flowline. The intensity of the reflected light, measured at several different angles, gives an indication of the presence or absence of gas at the sapphire/fluid interface.

Answer 123

D=Log(1/T)

Answer 124

Water has two characteristic absorption peaks in our measurement range, one at 1,444 nm and the other at 1,930 nm.

Answer 125

from ration of Methane Peak to Oil Peak

Answer 126

* 9 W halogen lamp for the spectrometer light source * 0.75 W DC motor for chopping the light source * Rotary solenoid switch for MEASURE, SOURCE, and DARK mode selection * Photodiode for monitoring lamp status (on or off) * Photodiode for detecting chopper period * Ten photodiodes for detecting light transmitted through optical cell

Answer 127

* LED for gas detector light source * Six-channel photodiode array for detecting intensity of light reflected from sapphire/fluid interface * Photodiode for monitoring LED intensity

Answer 128

A chopper motor drives a chopper wheel that "chops" the light at a frequency of approximately 244 Hz. (Chopping the light provides for noise rejection, allowing the MRFA to be operated even in ambient light.)

Answer 129

tungsten halogen lamp

Answer 130

MRFA-GA MRFA-PG (high pressure version)

Answer 131

Visible and near infrared absorption for gas composition For the optical absorption (spectroscopy) measurement, light shines through the fluid via the sapphire windows mounted in the flowline. • GOR detection for formation oil property The amount of light absorbed at several specific wavelengths gives an indication of the amount of oil, water and gas, as well as the oil properties (GOR) and OBM contamination level in the flowline. • Condensate identification with fluorescence detector

Answer 132

The fluorescence measurement involves the illumination of the sample with a short wavelength excitation light and the detection of the fluorescence emission light at a longer wavelength. The sample absorbs the excitation light energy and, after a short time, the sample emits light of a lower frequency than that of the excitation light. The relevant wavelengths are dependent on the specific sample.

Answer 133

Since the peak height of the light crude oil and condensate are larger than that of the heavy crude oil, the fluorescence signal ratio of the two wavelength regions, one from 550 nm and another from 680 nm, can give provide information to identify the condensate.

Answer 134

Transmitted light intensity at 20 different wavelengths in the Filter Array spectrometer and at 16 different wavelengths in the Grating spectrometer • Fluorescence emission intensity at two different wavelength ranges in the fluorescence detector • Reflected light intensity in the fluorescence detector • Temperature in the fluorescence detector Flowline fluid resistance in the resistivity cell • Sensor temperature in the resistivity cell • The output intensity of the fluorescence detector light source

Answer 135

Flowline pressure in the pressure gauge (MEMS gauge) • Tool temperature in the pressure gauge (MEMS gauge) • Flowline fluid density (InSitu Density sensor) • Sensor temperature (InSitu Density sensor)

Answer 136

* The color of the fluid in the flowline * The volume fractions of oil and hydrocarbon in the flowline * The GOR values of the fluid in the flowline * The OBM filtrate contamination level of the formation oil in the flowline * Thecomposition of the fluid in the flowline. (C1, C2, C3 to C5, C6+, and CO2) * The presence of gas in the flowline * pH value of the water in the flowline (when run with pH dye module) * The bulk density of the fluid in the flowline * The pressure of the fluid in the flowline * The temperature of the fluid in the flowline (direct and indirect measurement) * The tool temperatures (in some sensors and on PCBs) * The qualitative resistivity change of the sample in the flowline

Answer 137

The IFA has two types of spectrometers: Filter Array (FA) spectrometer and Grating (GS) spectrometers that cover the visible and near infrared (NIR) wavelength regions.

Answer 138

The FA has 20 channels that range from 400 nm to 2,100 nm

Answer 139

GS has 16 channels that provide details of the spectrum in the range of 1,590 nm to 1,820 nm

Answer 140

FA channels at 1,725 nm, 1,760 nm and 1,800 nm are used in the computations of all components, but as C6+ absorption in these channels are stronger than other components, these channels are labeled as primarily for C6+. Measures the transmitted light intensity at 20 different wavelengths for Fluid Color, Water/oil fraction, OBM filtrate contamination level, CO2 detection, GOR and Composition Analysis, and water pH

Answer 141

Measures the transmitted light intensity at 16 different wavelengths for GOR and composition analysis

Answer 142

Measures the fluorescence emission intensity for two different wavelength ranges, as well as the reflected light intensity and tool temperature

Answer 143

Measures the qualitative resistivity change and temperature of the sample in the flowline

Answer 144

Measures the sample density and temperature

Answer 145

Measures the sample pressure in the flowline and the temperature of the gauge

Answer 146

* Fluorescence 0 (FL 0) * Fluorescence 1 (FL 1) * Reflection (FLR) * LED intensity monitor (FLIM)

Answer 147

MRDU-ST (MRDU-AA in OP)

Answer 148

electrical section • mud check valves • displacement unit • hydraulic control section • DC motor pump • compensator

Answer 149

A normally-open, 3-way solenoid valve directs the flow of hydraulic fluid between three lines. In a common installation, these lines include the pump output, pilot, and return. A control signal applied to the solenoid of the valve shifts the valve from one position to another. In its de-energized state, the valve routes the pump output pressure to the pilot line, making this a normally-open valve. The bottom valve seat is connected to the pump-output line and is at high pressure. The AC sleeve contains the top-valve seat, which leads to the reservoir line. The pilot line is located above the bottom valve seat. When the solenoid coil is de-energized, the needle seats at the top valve seat. The spring keeps the needle seated in this position. This isolates the return line from the pilot line. High pressure from the pump output line passes through the bottom valve seat to the pilot line. Applying +50 V to the coil energizes the solenoid. Once the coil is energized, the armature pulls the needle down against the bottom valve seat, while opening the top valve seat. This action isolates the pump output line and allows the pilot line to act as a return, passing fluid through the valve and to the return line

Answer 150

1. FBPC - power electronic cartridge inside ECH-MJA 2. AH-287 - insulation joint 3. AH-320 - flexible insulation joint 4. FBAC-B (with DRHU) inside FBSH-D 5. FBSS-B - sonde

Answer 151

0.25" (6.35 mm)

Answer 152

The MRPA mechanical sonde has three circuits: • packer inflation line circuit • test interval line circuit • auto deflate hydraulic circuit.

Answer 153

The only purpose of the auto-deflate hydraulics is to control the auto-deflate valve. The auto-deflate valve is a fail-safe device that automatically deflates the packer elements if a power or telemetry loss between the surface and the MRPA occurs. It deflates the packer elements by opening the inflate line pressure to the borehole. Then, the elastic properties of the packer elements allow them to deflate. This process is more time consuming than the normal method of deflation, since the auto-deflate valve will have to be closed again before the next inflation. The hydraulic components on the auto-deflate control circuit include: • auto-deflate valve • flowline piston (pump) • compensator piston • solenoid valve 2 (SOL2) • check valves CV1 and CV2 • relief valves RV1 and RV2. The auto-deflate valve is the controlled component. When hydraulic pressure is applied to the top of the valve piston it closes, isolating the inflate line from the borehole. When the hydraulic pressure at the top of the valve piston is released, a spring in the valve returns the valve to the open position. The compensator piston provides a hydraulic-oil reservoir that is compensated to borehole (hydrostatic) pressure. The piston is pressure balanced; one side is exposed to borehole pressure and the other side (hydraulic oil reservoir) is maintained at hydrostatic pressure. The piston moves in its cylinder to compensate for changes in oil volume that take place during different stages of operation. The flowline piston (pump) provides the hydraulic pressure to close the auto-deflate valve. It is a simple, one-stroke pump powered by mud pressure on the flowline. The MRPO pumps into the flowline to generate the required pressure, which occurs at the same time the packers are inflated. The mud pressure applied to the top of the piston exerts force on the hydraulic oil on the other side. This oil exits the flowline piston volume, passes through check valve CV2 to the top of the auto-deflate-valve piston, closing the valve and compressing the return spring. Hydraulic oil exiting the bottom of the auto-deflate-valve piston returns to the oil reservoir at the compensator piston. At this point, the auto-deflate valve is held closed by the oil pressure trapped at the top of its piston by CV2 and SOL2 (which should be closed). If a loss of power or telemetry occurs, the normally open solenoid valve (SOL2) opens. This allows oil to escape from the top of the piston through SOL2 to the bottom of the piston. A spring in the auto-deflate valve returns the piston to the open position, continuing to force oil from the top of the piston. The flowline piston has a finite volume of hydraulic oil and therefore limited capacity to close the auto-deflate valve a second time. Thus, the piston has to be recycled before it can pump again. The MRPO pumps out of the flowline to draw mud pressure out of the flowline piston, drawing hydraulic oil into the other side of the piston. This oil exits the hydraulic reservoir, passes through check valve CV1, and returns to the flowline-piston cylinder. The two-remaining components are Relief Valves RV1 (100 psi) and RV2 (4700 psi). RV1 prevents over-filling of the hydraulic reservoir. RV1 also prevents oil pressure in the hydraulic reservoir from exceeding 100 psi above hydrostatic pressure. During oil filling, RV1 expels excess oil when the system is completely full and oil continues to be pumped into the system. The other purpose is to prevent internal damage due to thermal expansion of the oil. If a full reservoir of oil is heated, as in downhole operations, it expands. If this extra volume is not released, it may damage components or the block. RV2 (4700 psi) prevents trapped pressure between CV2 and SOL2 from exceeding 4700 psi. If pressure exceeds 4700 psi, RV2 bypasses SOL2 and releases the pressure to reservoir. This prevents damage to components from excessive hydraulic pressure. Private

Answer 154

The hydraulic components on the auto-deflate control circuit include: • auto-deflate valve • flowline piston (pump) • compensator piston • solenoid valve 2 (SOL2) • check valves CV1 and CV2 • relief valves RV1 and RV2.

Answer 155

The interval line provides a path between the flowline and the zone that is isolated between the inflated packers. It runs from the screen on the upper end of the lower mandrel, through the interval seal valve, and to the MDT flowline. The interval seal valve controls communication between the test interval and the flowline. It isolates the test zone while the MRPO is pressuring the flowline to inflate the packer elements. Other components on the interval line include the interval pressure sensors and interval check valve. The pressure sensors include the strain gauge and the combinable quartz gauge (CQG). These gauges monitor either reservoir pressure during standard sampling operations or injection pressure when the MRPO is being used to inject fluid into the formation. The interval check valve prevents the interval line pressure from exceeding hydrostatic pressure during sampling operations. If pressure along the interval line exceeds borehole pressure, the interval check valve opens, venting the pressure directly to the borehole. This feature prevents the packer elements from forcing borehole fluid into the formation, and perhaps causing formation damage during packer inflation. For injection operations, the interval check valve must be replaced with a plug. When injecting, the MRPO pumps borehole fluid into the flowline, through the interval line, and into the isolated interval’s formation. Injection operations require that interval line pressure exceed borehole pressure. This is not possible with the interval check valve installed, thus the need for the solid plug.

Answer 156

The MRPA-EB has only one normally-open solenoid valve which controls the Auto-Deflate valve. However, the solenoid valve is commonly referred to as "Solenoid 2" to maintain consistency with engineering prototypes of the MRPA module— MRPA-AA/BA/BB—which did indeed contain two solenoids.

Answer 157

The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Devonian Period, about 359.2 ± 2.5 Ma (million years ago), to the beginning of the Permian Period, about 299.0 ± 0.8 Ma

Answer 158

The Permian is a geologic period and system which extends from 298.9 ± 0.2 to 252.2 ± 0.5 (Million years ago).[5] It is the last period of the Paleozoic Era, following the Carboniferous Period and preceding the Triassic Period of the Mesozoic Era

Answer 159

The AH-141 is an articulated textured weight system, used for pumping tools through horizontal or highly deviated drill pipe or tubing sections.

Answer 160

1. DWUS (upper sub) 2. DWLS (lower sub) 3. DWCV-HA (control valves) 4. DWCC-HA (cartridge)

Answer 161

The Downhole Wet Connect Valve Section (DWCV) is the chief mechanical support between the drillpipe and the logging tools. The DWCV is pressure rated to 25,000 psi and is thus of massive construction The downhole section of the DWCV contains the check isolation valves (T5011225) that isolate the pipe bore from the pipe annulus and is through wired The DWCV locates the DWCC in the latching chamber and conducts mud flow around it. The PWCH is guided into the collet and held in position during logging operations.

Answer 162

The DWCC consists of the male contact assembly, oil compensated chamber, latch collet and oil-to-air high pressure 8-pin bulkhead. This pressure compensated tool has an 100 psi relief valve in line with the oil fill port and 8 through wires. The 8-pin fluid to air bulkhead is rated to 25,000 psi. It is recommended that the DWCC be hand-carried to the wellsite to avoid damage during transit.

Answer 163

These housings make up the latching chamber and form a flow tube for the PWCH to be held in during latching and logging operations. Each of the 4-3/4 in connections is a standard size for a 3-1/2 IF box connection and has upsets back to the 4-in tube diameter to assist lifting operations at the wellsite. The top sub T5011260 is intended to be used as a saver sub as it is 24-in long and a constant diameter. This may have the 3-1/2 IF pipe thread recut several times.

Answer 164

The Downhole Wet Connect Head (DWCH-HA) is the mechanical and electrical connection between the surface and the logging tools, conveyed into the well via the rig draw works and drillpipe. The DWCH-HA houses the downhole part of the latching system, pressure compensated male contact assembly, mud check valves and RTD temperature sensor. During the pump down and latch process, the tool will pass mud through the non-return mud check valves and into the pipe annulus while preventing backflow into the pipe bore. This provides positive well control, and prevents debris and back flow into the latching chamber. The PWCH is guided into the latch collet and fixed in position during the logging run.

Answer 165

The Pump Down Wet Connect Head or PWCH-HA is the section of the wet connect system that conveys the wireline down to the tools during the latching process. It has an outside diameter (OD) of 1.92-in and will thus pass trough the bore of any 3-1/2-in pipe. The heptacable is attached via a rope socket to the PWCH to the female contact assembly in a protected oil filled chamber. The system latches via a collet to the DWCH-HA. The PWCH features a hydraulic delay mechanism to prevent accidental unlatching. This oil-filled mechanism is housed in the PWCH, allowing intervention or maintenance to be performed without pulling the BHA from the hole. The tool features a Casing Collar Locator (CCL) to assist in monitoring tool motion, this is switched off after latching to prevent any interference with uphole signals.

Answer 166

The collet consists of 8 fingers, each about 13 in long. The body of the collet has three junk slots at the base to allow the ejection of mud and any small-sized particulates during the latching process. When the collet is locked, it will withstand loads far in excess of the 8000-lbf requirement.

Answer 167

The tool is designed to unlatch at a low applied line tension of 1000 lbf while providing a high strength latch, i.e., a latch capable of withstanding a shock of 8000 lbf or more. In order to achieve this, the TLCS-HA design team investigated the Lee Viscojet restrictors. These devices use “spin chambers” to reduce the viscosity effects of fluid.

Answer 168

The DWCH-HA features two full bore in line 15,000 psi check valves. These check valves have many advantages over the open ports as seen in the TLCS-AC system (occasionally the DWCH will be run without the ported housing to try and limit debris problems) or mud piston system as used in the TLCS-SA system (prone to significant wear, O-ring damage and has a high crack pressure).

Answer 169

annular isolation and well control: the valves will prevent formation fluid or gas flowing through the pipe bore, offering a positive well control benefit • debris control: the valves prevent debris backflowing into the latch chamber and interfering with the latching process or packing off around the PWCH and forcing it out of the collet. • no U-tubing effect is likely with the check valves • low cracking pressure • low erosion.

Answer 170

The purpose of the snatch block is to pull the cable away from the drillpipe to provide clearance for making and breaking drillpipe connections. It also keeps the cable away from the block as it moves up and down. The snatch block can be positioned either by tying it back with a chain or by pulling it with an air hoist. The angle between the drillpipe and the cable should be less than 45 degrees.

Answer 171

The Product Center has approved a snatch block for TLC operations. The product is the Lebus L-160 series snatch block made by The Crosby Group in Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA. The snatch block uses roller bearings and has a 5- in sheave. It uses a shackle and the SWL is 6 metric tons. The part number of the snatch block is 100206509 and it can be ordered through SWPS.

Answer 172

The Spin Echo is the signal that is detected by the CMR antenna.

Answer 173

The NMR measurement consists of a series of manipulations of hydrogen atom nuclei (protons) in fluid molecules. The manipulations are possible because protons have a magnetic moment. They behave like small bar magnets, so their orientations can be controlled by magnetic fields. They also have a spin, which makes them act in some respects like gyroscopes. For present purposes, "Proton", "nucleus", "moment", and "spin" are all synonyms, and may be used interchangeably in discussing NMR.

Answer 174

The measurement consists of a sequence of steps: alignment, spin tipping, precession, dephasing, refocusing, transverse relaxation, and longitudinal relaxation. An overview of the NMR measurement on porous rock is shown in the figure below.

Answer 175

The first step in performing an NMR measurement is to align the nuclear moments (panel 1 of Figure 3-6). A stronger, constant magnetic field,B0, is applied to the formation for this purpose. The CMR sensor has strong permanent magnets that create the static field. This field, B0, is 5,000,000 Tesla or about 900 times stronger than the magnetic field of the earth. The hydrogen nuclei in the formation will align their spin axes with this field.

Answer 176

The degree of alignment of hydrogen atoms along B₀ , it increases exponentially with a time constant called the longitudinal relaxation time (T1).

Answer 177

Once the spins are aligned with B0, they are in equilibrium, i.e., they are in a low energy state, and will remain aligned unless disturbed. The second step in the measurement cycle is to disturb them. This is performed by applying an oscillating magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of B0, using an antenna . The oscillating field is called B1

Answer 178

When the spins are tipped 90 degrees from the direction of B0, they precess in the plane perpendicular to B0. In this respect they act like a toy top in a gravitational field,

Answer 179

The dephasing caused by the inhomogeneity of B0 is reversible. B1 shifted by 180 Deg applied for this purpose. the trick of applying 180 degree pulses can be repeated over and over again. The usual procedure is to apply 180 degree pulses in an evenly spaced train, as close together as possible a. An echo forms midway between each pair of 180 pulses. The entire pulse sequence, a 90 degree pulse followed by along series of 180 degree pulses, is called a “CPMG”. The echo spacing is called TE, and for borehole logging tools TE is in the range 0.2 - 5 milliseconds.

Answer 180

The characteristic decay time for echo amplitude is called T2, the transverse relaxation time. It is called transverse relaxation time because the dephasing occurs in the plane transverse to the static field B0.

Answer 181

Caused by molecular processes. These molecular processes are related to petrophysical properties such as movable fluid porosity, pore size distribution, and permeability. Unlike the dephasing due to magnet inhomogeneities, which is reversible, the dephasing due to molecular processes is irreversible.

Answer 182

1. Surface relaxation mechanism 2. Molecular diffusion mechanism 3. Bulk fluid mechanism

Answer 183

* A-Mode Depth Logging * Station Logging Mode * Sequential (B-Mode) Depth Logging * Enhanced Precision Depth Logging Mode * Sequential Enhanced Precision Depth Logging Mode * Larmor Frequency Search Mode

Answer 184

The purpose of Auto-Tuning is to allow the operating frequency to adjust automatically to changes in the static magnetic field B0. The field B0 directly affects the Larmor frequency, and the tool needs to operate at a frequency close to the Larmor frequency to maintain the calibrated porosity answer (amplitude of the measured signal)

Answer 185

Auto tuning (AT) has two loops: The antenna tuning (ANT): This loop adjusts the operating frequency to match as good as possible the antenna resonant frequency. The Auto Larmor frequency (ALF): This loop finds the “desired operating frequency” (Larmor frequency) and selects the tune word that best matches this value.

Answer 186

The ditch magnets (large magnets weighing around 50-70 lbs) need to be used during drilling, and circulation, especially during a milling/sidetrack operation; and in deviated wells, to continuously remove metal debris from the well. Ask the client to place the magnets in the flow line AFTER the shale shakers when circulating the mud

Answer 187

MRP does not depend on the selection of mineralogy. If MRP does not agree with neutron or density porosity, make sure that the correct mineralogy has been selected for the neutron and density porosities.

Answer 188

The MR porosity is an effective porosity measurement and is, therefore, lower than neutron and density porosities in shaly formations. MR free-fluid volume (FFV) is usually much lower than MR porosity (MRP) in shaly formations.

Answer 189

In gas zones, the MR porosity is much lower than density porosity, and usually slightly lower than neutron porosity. The MR response in gas zones depends on invasion and the hydrogen index of the gas.

Answer 190

MR porosity spikes high in washouts and intervals where the skid is not in good contact with the formation.

Answer 191

Minimum 3 times : a. Immediately before the repeat pass b. Immediately before the main pass c. At the completion of logging

Answer 192

What is pressure derivative response in Dry Test for XPT ?

Answer 193

for XPT, what is Pressure Derivative response in Tight Test ?

Answer 194

for XPT, what is Pressure Derivative response in test with Micro Leak ?

Answer 195

in XPT, what is Pressure Derivative response for test which is possibly supercharged ?

Answer 196

For XPT, what is Pressure Derivative response for test wtih good mobility ?

Answer 197

For XPT, what is Pressure Derivative response for test with very high mobility ?

Answer 198

In Gas wells and under certain conditions of temperature and pressure, some constituents of natural gas will combine with the water vapour to form hydrocarbon hydrates. These hydrates have the appearance of snow or ice and form in the valves, flow lines or even several hundred feet below surface in the tubing.This can block the passage of tools or fluid flow.

Answer 199

Since hydrates will form only in gas wells when water is present so when the water used for pressure testing will only aggravate the problem.On gas wells always use ethylene glycol (anti-freeze)to fill the lubricator during testing. Glycol can also be used to prevent formation of hydrates and injected continuously during the job through the WL Valve or chemical injection subs.

Answer 200

2 7/8" (2.875")

Answer 201

Cable Cutter Tool Sub It is run below CSES in place of TLC ropesocket, to cut cable at PWCH

Answer 202

Инициирующие взрывчатые вещества

Answer 203

Изделия, содержащие инициирующие взрывчатые вещества

Answer 204

Метательные взрывчатые вещества и другие дефлагиррующие взрывчатые вещества или изделия содержащие их (бездымный порох)

Answer 205

Вторичные детонирующие взрывчатые вещества; дымный порох; изделия, содержащие детонирующие взрывчатые вещества без средств инициирования и метательных зарядов (детонирующего шнура)

Answer 206

Изделия, содержащие вторичные детонирующие вещества без средств инициирования, но с метательным зарядом (кроме содержащих легковоспламеняющуюся жидкость)

Answer 207

Изделия, содержащие вторичные детонирующие ВВ, средства инициирования и метательные заряды, или без метательных зарядов

Answer 208

Пиротехнические вещества и изделия, содержащие их

Answer 209

Изделия ,содержащие чрезвычайно нечувствительные детонирующие вещества

Answer 210

Вещества или изделия, упакованные или сконструированные так, что при случайном срабатывании любое опасное проявление ограничено самой упаковкой, а если тара разрушена огнем, то эффект взрыва или разбрасывания ограничен, что не препятствует проведению аварийных мер или тушению пожара в непосредственной близости от упаковки

Answer 211

Наряд-накладная служит для отпуска взрывчатых материалов с одного места хранения на другое. При передаче ВМ с одного склада на другой, принадлежащих одной организации, заполняется три экземпляра наряд-накладной

Answer 212

Наряд-путевка на производство взрывных работ служит для отпуска ВМ взрывникам. Наряд-путевка подписывается лицом контроля на участке, где проводятся работы

Answer 213

Взрывчатые материалы с опасностью взрыва массой

Answer 214

Взрывчатые материалы невзрывающиеся массой

Answer 215

Взрывчатые материалы пожароопасные, не взрывающиеся массой

Answer 216

Взрывчатые материалы, не представляющие значительной опасности

Answer 217

Очень не чувствительные взрывчатые материалы

Answer 218

Изделия чрезвычайно низкой чувствительности

Answer 219

ВЗРЫВЧАТЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ (blasting materials) — собирательное наименование взрывчатых веществ, изделий из них (патронов, шашек, кумулятивных, перфораторных, накладных и других специальных зарядов и зарядов беспламенного взрывания), порохов, а также средств инициирования — капсюлей-детонаторов и электродетонаторов, детонирующих шнуров и огнепроводных шнуров, зажигательных трубок и т.п., применяемых для взрывных работ.

Answer 220

OD is 1.83", min restriction 2.0"

Answer 221

* 6 Optical probes * 6 Electrical probes * 5 mini-spinners * Caliper * Relative bearing

Answer 222

* технические устройства, работающие под давлением более 0,07 мегаПаскаля или при температуре нагрева воды более 115 градусов Цельсия; * 2) грузоподъемные механизмы, эскалаторы, канатные дороги, фуникулеры, лифты.

Answer 223

* 1) частоты несчастных случаев; * 2) тяжести несчастных случаев; * 3) частоты смертельного травматизма; * 4) профессиональной заболеваемости; * 5) износа основных фондов; * 6) замены основных фондов; * 7) аварийности опасного производственного объекта. * Уровень опасности производственных объектов, в том числе среднеотраслевые показатели, определяется уполномоченным органом.

Answer 224

* физическое явление, возникающее при авариях, инцидентах на опасных производственных объектах, причиняющее вред физическим и юридическим лицам, окружающей среде

Answer 225

- состояние защищенности физических и юридических лиц, окружающей среды от вредного воздействия опасных производственных факторов

Answer 226

* разрушение зданий, сооружений и (или) технических устройств, применяемых на опасном производственном объекте, неконтролируемые взрыв и (или) выброс опасных веществ;

Answer 227

* отказ или повреждение технических устройств, применяемых на опасном производственном объекте, отклонение от режима технологического процесса, нарушение законодательства Республики Казахстан;

Answer 228

* должностное лицо, осуществляющее государственный надзор за соблюдением требований законодательства Республики Казахстан в области промышленной безопасности;

Answer 229

* - машины, оборудование и другие конструкции, имеющие самостоятельное значение (приборы учета, задвижки, краны и прочее).

Answer 230

* 1) с соблюдением установленного порядка посещать опасные производственные объекты в целях проведения проверок состояния промышленной безопасности; * 2) знакомиться с документами, необходимыми для проверки исполнения требований нормативных правовых актов в области промышленной безопасности; * 3) В случае выявления нарушений законодательства РК в области пром. безопасности вносить акт - предписание об устранении нарушений, привлекать к адм. ответственности лиц, виновных в нарушениях, в порядке установленном кодексом РК * 4) Запрещать эксплуатацию неисправных технических устройств, представляющих угрозу жизни и здоровью людей, на период до устранения неисправностей, за исключением случаев, когда это связано с приостановкой, остановкой производства

Answer 231

К опасным производственным объектам относятся объекты, на которых: 1. производится, используется, перерабатывается, образуется, хранится, транспортируется, уничтожается хотя бы одно из следующих веществ: * воспламеняющееся вещество * взрывчатое * горючее * окисляющее * токсичное 2. Ведутся горные, геологоразведочные, буровые, взрывные работы, работы по добыче полезных ископаемых, переработке минерального сырья, работы в подземных условиях 3. Эксплуатируются электроустановки всех типов, применяемые на опасных производственных объектах 4. Эксплуатируются гидротехнические сооружения опасных производственных объектов.

Answer 232

* 1) установления и выполнения обязательных требований промышленной безопасности; * 2) допуска к применению на опасных производственных объектах технологий, технических устройств, материалов, прошедших процедуру подтверждения соответствия нормам промышленной безопасности; * 3) декларирования безопасности опасного производственного объекта; * 4) государственного надзора, а также производственного надзора в области промышленной безопасности * 5) экспертизы промышленной безопасности; * 6) аттестации организаций на проведение работ в области промышленной безопасности; * 7) мониторинга промышленной безопасности 4) государственного надзора, а также производственного надзора в области промышленной безопасности

Answer 233

* 1) товарный знак или наименование изготовителя; * 2) наименование или обозначение сосуда; * 3) порядковый номер сосуда по системе нумерации изготовителя; * 4) год изготовления; * 5) рабочее давление, МПа; * 6) расчетное давление, МПа; * 7) пробное давление, МПа; * 8) допустимая максимальная и (или) минимальная рабочая температура стенки, °С; * 9) масса сосуда, кг.

Answer 234

* 1) сосуды, работающие под давлением воды с температурой выше 115°С или других нетоксичных, невзрывопожароопасных жидкостей при температуре, превышающей температуру кипения при давлении 0,07 МПа (0,7 кгс/см2); * 2) сосуды, работающие под давлением пара, газа или токсичных взрывопожароопасных жидкостей свыше 0,07 МПа (0,7 кгс/см2); * 3) баллоны, предназначенные для транспортировки и хранения, использования сжатых, сжиженных и растворенных газов под давлением свыше 0,07 МПа (0,7 кгс/см2); * 4) цистерны и бочки для транспортировки и хранения сжатых и сжиженных газов, давление паров которых при температуре до 50°С превышает давление 0,07 МПа (0,7 кгс/см2); * 5) цистерны и сосуды для транспортировки или хранения сжатых, сжиженных газов, жидкостей и сыпучих тел, в которых давление выше 0,07 МПа (0,7 кгс/см2) создается периодически для их опорожнения; * 6) барокамеры.

Answer 235

* 1) сосуды атомных энергетических установок, сосуды, работающие с радиоактивной средой; * 2) сосуды вместимостью не более 0,025 м3 (25 л) независимо от давления, используемые для научно-экспериментальных целей. Группа сосудов, сосуды, состоящие из отдельных корпусов и соединенные между собой трубами с внутренним диаметром более 100 мм, рассматриваются как один сосуд; * 3) сосуды и баллоны вместимостью не более 0,025 м3 (25 л), у которых произведение давления в МПа (кгс/см2) на вместимость в м3 (литрах) не более 0,02 (200); * 4) сосуды, работающие под давлением, создающимся при взрыве внутри них, в соответствии с технологическим процессом, или горении в режиме самораспространяющегося высокотемпературного синтеза; * 5) сосуды, работающие под вакуумом; * 6) сосуды, устанавливаемые на морских, речных судах и других плавучих средствах (кроме драг); * 7) сосуды, устанавливаемые на самолетах и других летательных аппаратах; * 8) воздушные резервуары тормозного оборудования подвижного состава железнодорожного транспорта, автомобилей и других средств передвижения; * 9) сосуды специального назначения военного ведомства; * 10) приборы парового и водяного отопления; * 11) трубчатые печи; * и др.....

Answer 236

* 1. The HNGS detector maximum temperature operation limit is 60 degC in order to provide valid data. * 2. If a detector is exposed to temperatures exceeding 80 degC, the master calibration shall be repeated. The detector assembly needs to be returned for repair or replacement if the following is observed: • Th-resolution is out of tolerance (\>9%) or has increase by more than 0.5% since the last calibration. • Detector high voltage (at the same detector temperature) is more than 50 V higher.

Answer 237

Radius measurement resolution: 0.1mm (0.004") Thickness measurements: 0.38mm (0.015")

Answer 238

* Radius measurement resolution: 0.5mm (0.002") * Thickness measurements: 0.5mm (0.002")

Answer 239

1. Extreme 2. High 3. Medium 4. Low 5. Incignificant

Answer 240

Likelyhood: 1. Very low 2. Low 3. Medium 4. High 5. Very High Severity: 1. Light 2. Serious 3. Major 4. Catastrophic 5. Multi Catastrophic

Answer 241

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, N, S

Answer 242

The original hardware measurement data, no processing at all. Each trace sample represents the output from the hardware A/D converter. vsi\_###\_nascent\_shot\_#.ldf

Answer 243

The shot data before the optional band-pass filtering. This is input to the mean/median stacking. Depending on the option selected for the sensor transform pre-processing, the output files are named based on one of the following rules. Geophone Transform applied (default) : vsi\_###\_raw\_shot\_geo\_#.ldf Integration applied : vsi\_###\_raw\_shot\_vel\_#.ldf No transform applied : vsi\_###\_raw\_shot\_gac\_#.ldf

Answer 244

The stack data after the optional band-pass filtering. In case of the walkaway survey, this is same as the Filtered Shot Data. The stack data where all the shots are unselected is not included in this data. Depending on the option for the sensor transform pre-processing to the shots used for the stacking, one of the following file naming conventions is applied. Geophone Transform applied (default) : vsi\_###\_geo\_wavefield\_#.ldf Integration applied : vsi\_###\_vel\_wavefield\_#.ldf No transform applied : vsi\_###\_gac\_wavefield\_#.ldf

Answer 245

* 1. Nascent Shot Data - This is pure hardware digital data. * 2. Raw Shot Data - Acquisition gain compensated, Sensor transform applied. * 3. Raw Stack Data - Mean/Median stack result from the raw shot data * 4. Wavefield Data - Remove bad traces and optional band-pass filtering applied.

Answer 246

* The HRUC-B (High Resolution laterolog array Upper Cartridge), inside the HRUH-B housing, is the electronics cartridge containing all measurement and digital circuits. It also acts as electrode A5. * The HRLS-B (High-Resolution Laterolog array Sonde) is an oil compensated sonde with a stack of electrodes covering the range of A5'-A4. The sonde is through-wired to allow combining with tools below the HRLA. * The HRLC-B (High Resolution laterolog array Lower Cartridge), inside the HRLH-B housing, just contains through-wires, no electronics. The HRLH-B housing acts as part of the bucking electrode A5'. * The AH-270, or AH-269, are short isolating subs which separate the HRLC-B from the tool or housing below the HRLT-B that acts as electrode A6'.

Answer 247

The AH-272 is a special adapter which both interrupts CAN bus wires (for use with FMI and other tools with termination resistors on the DTB) and shorts line #9 to line #10 at the top of the toolstring for using line #9 as voltage reference for the HRLT.

Answer 248

Roentgen Equivalent Man (unit to measure dose equivalent)

Answer 249

The MRPO-CA is the standard 20 kpsi version of this tool. It includes sonde through-wires to provide an AC voltage of 250 V (cartridge voltage) and AC voltage of 400 V (sonde voltage) to the lower 22–pin head of the MRPO. The MRPO-NCA is the sealed bulkhead version of the MRPO-CA. H708660/100372474

Answer 250

The MRPO-PA is a high pressure version (25 kpsi) version of the MRPO-BA plus through-wire MR kit (H720757). The MRPO-PA includes high pressure components including the electronics housing, port caps, and internal components. The MRPO-NPA is the sealed bulkhead version of the MRPO-PA. H703650/100372475

Answer 251

TheMRPO-SA is a high pressure version (30 kpsi) version of the MRPO-CA with the addition of through-wires. The MRPO-SA includes high pressure components including the electronics housing, port caps, and internal components. The MRPO-NSA is the sealed bulkhead version of the MRPO-SA. 100147646/100372476

Answer 252

The poppet valves along with Solenoid 3 reverse the stroke of the displacement unit piston-rod assembly. This is done by switching the pump output pressure from one piston to the other via the poppet valves.

Answer 253

There are two types of poppet valves, they are PVPC (Poppet Valve Pilot Close) and PVPO (Poppet Valve Pilot Open). There are two of each type of valve. PVPC1 and PVPC3 are pilot close valves, while PVPO2 and PVPO4 are pilot open valves.

Answer 254

This valve also has two main ports and a pilot port. The PVPO is a normally closed valve. This means that when no pilot pressure is applied, a spring shifts the valve so that the input and output ports are isolated from each other.

Answer 255

PVPC is normally opened valve

Answer 256

The pilot pressure comes from the hydraulic pump and is switched on and off by Solenoid 3. Solenoid 3 in turn is controlled by the Hall-Effect sensor located in the center of the displacement unit. When Solenoid 3 is de-energized, pump output pressure is applied to the lower end of the DU through normally open poppet valve PVPC3. Oil from the upper end of the DU is returned to reservoir via normally open poppet valve PVPC1. When the ring magnet on the lower piston is detected by the Hall-Effect sensor, Solenoid 3 is energized and pilot pressure is applied to the poppet valves. Pump output pressure is now applied to the upper end of the DU via normally closed poppet valve PVPO4. Oil from the lower end of the DU returns to reservoir via normally closed poppet valve PVPO2.

Answer 257

To control reversible mud check valves

Answer 258

The reversible mud check valves control the flowline fluid path within the MRPO - that is they switch between pumping in to pumping out. There are four of these valves in the module (CMV1, CMV2, CMV3, CMV4)

Answer 259

* The displacement unit (DU) which actually moves fluid to and from the flowline. * • The hydraulic control components for the DU; that is, the poppet valves and Solenoid 3. * • The reversible mud check valves, which control the direction of fluid flow through the module; that is, pumping IN or OUT * • The hydraulic control of the reversible mud check valves; that is, Solenoids 1 and 2 and their associated components. * • The hydraulic power supply, including electric motor, pump and associated components.

Answer 260

There is no NMSG parameters in maxwell for MAST DCBL log, but you still can tune the detection gate using there parameters on the plot .You will find them under zoning parameters These parameter labelled on the plot only for MUH and so you need to do the same for MLH

Answer 261

1. EMA-B— sensor adapter (consists of the mud-resistivity sensor electrodes and mud-temperature sensor device without any related electronics. 2. EMC-B — cartridge (contains all the electronics that provide sensor signal processing, as well as the tool control functions based on FTB telemetry communication) 3. EMM-B — mechanical sub (contains the hydraulic system that activates the caliper arms.

Answer 262

* mud resistivity * mud temperature * caliper (for borehole diameter) * mono-axial acceleration (optional) for speed correction

Answer 263

CABLEHEAD ASSEMBLY/SINKER BAR 1. CONDUCTIVE SLACK JOINT ASSEMBLY 2. ELECTRICAL CROSS OVER SUB. 3. FIRING SUB ADAPTER 4. GAS GENERATOR SUB 5. ANCHOR BODY ASSEMBLY 6. PRESSURE RELIEF SUB 7. CHEMICAL CYLINDER 8. CATALYST SUB 9. SEVERING HEAD 10. BULL PLUG 11. CENTRALIZER

Answer 264

11/16 Through 2 3/8 CUTTERS

Answer 265

THERE WILL BE A SMALL GAP BETWEEN THE CYLINDER AND SEVERING HEAD. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO CLOSE IT, THE TEFLON WASHER MAY BE CRUSHED. THE USE OF A TOOL STAND (Minimum 12” High) IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED TO POSITION THE ELEVATED END OF CYLINDER ON.

Answer 266

1. Line Wiper 2. HGT Stuffing Box 3. Flow tubes 4. Grease Injection - control modules 5. Ball Check Valve 6. Tool (Head) Catcher 7. Lubricators 8. Tool Trap 9. Quick Test Safety Sub 10. Pump-In Sub 11. Double/Tripple Ram WL Valve 12. Shear and Seal WL Valve 13. Crossover to Customer Equipment 14. Flexible Lines 15. Cable Cutter Sub 16. Variable Length Lubricators

Answer 267

CBRA= 169.1 CSID^(-0.5393) mV

Answer 268

10 000 x 1.5 = 15 000 psi 15 000 x 1.5 = 22500 psi 20 000 x 1.5 = 30 000 psi

Answer 269

3000 x 1.5 = 6000 psi 5000 x 1.5 = 10 000 psi

Answer 270

* Design temperature:-29degC to 121 degC (-20degF to 250 degF). API 6A temperature Class P+U. * API 6A Product Specification Levels:PSL2 up to10,000psi PSL1 up to 5000psi. * API 6A Fluid Class AA.

Answer 271

* NACE MR0 175,current edition. * Design temperature: -29degC to 121 degC (–20deg F to 250 degF), API 6A temperature ClassP+U. * API 6A Product Specification Levels:PSL2 for 5,000 psi WP,PSL3 for 10,000 psi WP and 15,000 psi WP. * API 6A Fluid Class DD.

Answer 272

* Hostile Service:(H2S Service+high temperature (\>121degC, 250degF)/high pressure (\>10,000psi)) * NACE MR0 175, current edition. * Design temperature: -29degC to 180degC (-20degF to 350 degF), API 6A temperature Class P+X. * API 6A Product Specification Levels:PSL2 for 5,000 psi WP, PSL3 for 10,000 and 15,000 psi WP,and PSL4 for 20,000 psi WP. * API6AFluidClassDD.

Answer 273

* Surface induced and wellsite controlled with WHP\>1psi (e.g. a CBL under pressure). Wellsite control means that as a minimum possible action, the source of pressure can be isolated at any time from the wellhead by a qualified person present at all time. * Reservoir induced with WHP=0 but contingency cases could lead to a WHP\>1psi (overbalance perforating,openhole logging). * Reservoir induced pressure with WHP\>1psi (producing wells,steam, gas and water injector wells).

Answer 274

Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure:must be equal to the wellsite pressure test value.

Answer 275

MEWHP=WHE Maximum Expected Wellhead Pressure:WHP (MEWHP) is the maximum pressure, flowing or shut-in,that the wellhead will likely face during operations based either on downhole reservoir pressure or surface pumping capability. This would bet he Maximum Wellhead Pressure that will likely be seen during normal operations

Answer 276

Fore example, In an overbalanced operation (DrillingRig, fluid in well as primary barrier) WHP (MEWHP) wouldbe 0,but MPWHP would theoretically be = Reservoir Pressure. The MPWHP would only be experienced at surface in the event of total failure of Primary barrier. In this scenario the final means of Well Control would be the client Secondary Barrier. If the client requests, SLB may run an intermediate means of control (PackOff,HGT,WL Valves).

Answer 277

Wave field, where arrival time increases with depth is called "downgoing wave". The wave takes shortest path from source to receiver.

Answer 278

The wave is reflected and hence arrives earlier at deeper event than at shallower one. This is an "upgoing wave"

Answer 279

One of the main purposes of VSP processing is to image reflectors. To do it upgoing waves must be separated from downgoing and after from noise, shear wave, multiples, etc..

Answer 280

1. Velocity filtering 2. Deconvolution 3. TVG (TAR) 4. Corridor Stack

Answer 281

Velocity filtering takes the input data and utilizes filtering to separate the down-going wave and up-going wave from extraneous data and noise. The separation is visualized as follows on below picture.

Answer 282

Deconvolution removes multiples from up-going wave, based on down-going wave’s shape.

Answer 283

TVG is applied to recover up-going energy. In order to compensate for seismic energy decay, largely due to spherical divergence, and simulate a plain wave in a perfectly elastic medium, a gain function TVG (TAR) is applied. The gain function is given below. TVG = (T/T0)ß T: Time of the sample T0: TOFD For most of the job the ß value should be 1.3 to 1.7. Abbreviation: TVG: Time Varying Gain TAR: True Amplitude Recovery TOFD: Time of First Data

Answer 284

Corridor stack emphasizes the reflected waves and aligns them to proper two-way time so that the result can be compared to surface seismic data.

Answer 285

1. Load data from file 2. Check bandwidth for Down-going waveforms 3. Apply Band Pass filter for Down-going waveforms 4. Wavefield separation for Down-going and Up-going 5. Remove multiples 6. Check bandwidth for Up-going waveforms 7. Apply Band Pass Filter for Up-going waveforms 8. Recover attenuated energy for enhancing up-going waveforms 9. Up-going wavefield enhancement 10. Create corridor stack

Answer 286

1. • the SET line controlled by solenoid SOL3. 2. • the RETRACT line controlled by solenoid SOL2. 3. • the AUTO-RETRACT line controlled by solenoid SOL1.

Answer 287

The role of the Buffer is to prevent hole mud from going into the sensor cavity, thus disturbing the measure by blocking the sensor below. To this end its surface is machined to create a labyrinth in order to stop solid particles.

Answer 288

The Equalizing Valve is a normally-open spring-loaded valve. It equalizes the pressure between the flowline and the wellbore before retracting the probe from the formation. If the Equalizing Valve is not opened before attempting to retract the probe, differential pressure between the Packer/Probe Assembly and the formation can cause the tool to stick in the wellbore. Additionally, this valve allows the flowline to remain at hydrostatic pressure when tripping in and out of the well.

Answer 289

The Anchoring Assembly is a metallic block, called Anchoring Block, that holds: * • Two Hydraulic Stabbers and a Flowline Stabber. * • An Equalizing Valve (EQ). * • The Probe/Packer Assembly and Setting Pistons. * • The articulated Flowline Joint and Tee. * • The Anchoring Pistons. * • A buffer. * • The Set and Retract Purge Screws. * • The Flowline and Hydrostatic Purge Screws.

Answer 290

The Mini-Sequence Valve is mounted in the Probe Block, and controls the movement of the Filter Valve Piston (FVP). It acts as a hydraulic gate, activated at specific pressures, to regulate the set and retract cycles. The Mini-Sequence Valve allows forward flow through the valve when the pilot pressure exceeds the reference pressure. The reference pressure can be adjusted by turn the MSV cap, which compresses or lets expand 10 Belleville spring washers. The valve allows free flow in the reverse direction when the pilot pressure drops below to the reference pressure.

Answer 291

The flowline valve is a "spool type" with a protector sleeve. The flowline valve is used in the MRPO to connect the upper flowline to either the intake or output side of the displacement unit. One side of the displacement unit is always connected to the lower flowline. When the valve is set, the tool operates in the Pump-Up and Pump-Down modes. When the valve is reset, the tool operates in the Pump-In and Pump-Out modes.

Answer 292

At the receiving end (Rx), the transmission line with the characteristic impedance Zo will meet the input impedance of the receiver (Z_l ). To minimize reflection at this end, Z_l needs to be as close as possible to Zo. When Z_l=Zo, the transmission is said to be properly terminated

Answer 293

1. Telemetry cartridges: DTC/EDTC 2. Uses lines 5 and 6 3. The UH5-UH6 and LH5-LH6 are practically shorted when the IP is present, while UH5 and LH5 are open circuits. 4. When there is no IP in the asset (such as in the sonde or in a non FTB tool), FTB lines (#5 and #6) are simply a straight conductor). 5. The DTS will still work for all of the tools down to the one with the bad FTB wire. Tools below the one with the bad FTB wire cannot communicate with the telemetry cartridge. The DTS diagnostics indicates which tool is bad.

Answer 294

1. Telemetry cartridge : TCC 2. Uses lines 25, 27, 28 3. Needs termination resistor 52-56 Ohm 4. The DTB uses three coax conductors for the tool below the telemetry cartridge and four wires for the tool above the telemetry cartridge. If no DTB tool is present above the telemetry cartridge, install a jumper on DCHAINUP (#29) to UCLOCK (#28). 5. The DSIG and UDATAGO need to be continuous along the tools. If the bus in one tool is shorted, open or too long, all tools in the string will suffer.

Answer 295

1. Gray 2. Red 3. Black 4. Yellow 5. Orange 6. Tan 7. Blue

Answer 296

3000 - 3400 lbs

Answer 297

3500 - 4200 lbs

Answer 298

3900 - 4500 lbs

Answer 299

4800 - 5400 lbs

Answer 300

5400 - 6000 lbs

Answer 301

6000 - 6700 lbs

Answer 302

6700 - 7300 lbs

Answer 303

давление пробное - давление, при котором производится испытание сосуда; Величина пробного давления и время выдержки баллонов под пробным давлением устанавливаются изготовителем для стандартных баллонов по государственным стандартам, для нестандартных баллонов - по НД, при этом пробное давление равняется не менее чем полуторному рабочему давлению.

Answer 304

давление расчетное - давление, на которое производится расчет на прочность; расчетное давление меньше пробного

Answer 305

1. Статическое - груз весом +25% от рабочего поднимается на 200-300мм на 10 минут 2. Динамическое - груз весом +10% от рабочего. Цель - проверить в действии все системы, включая тормоза и системы отключения

Answer 306

1. 1.1 Commitment and Leadership 2. 1.2 Accountability 3. 2.1 Policies 4. 2.2 Objectives 5. 3.1 Organizational Responsibilities 6. 3.2 Organizational Structure 7. 3.3 Training and Competence 8. 3.4 Information Management 9. 3.5 Standards and Guidelines 10. 4.1 C&S Evaluation, Qualification and Selection 11. 4.2 C&S Management 12. 4.3 C&S Performance 13. 5.1 Hazard Analysis and Risk Control 14. 5.2 Prevention and Mitigation Measures 15. 5.3 Management of Change 16. 6.1 Assets, Products and Systems Integrity 17. 6.2 Processes 18. 6.3 Business Continuity 19. 7.1 Customer Satisfaction and Performance reviews 20. 7.2 Event Reporting and Management 21. 7.3 Compliance Monitoring 22. 7.4 Corrective Action and Continuous Improvement 23. 7.5 Recognition Programs 24. 7.6 Records 25. 8.1 MS Audits 26. 8.2 MS Reviews

Answer 307

541 - 252.2 millions years ago

Answer 308

252.2 - 66 millions years ago

Answer 309

The Triassic is a geologic period and system that extends from about 250 to 200 Ma (252.2 ± 0.5 to 201.3 ± 0.2 million years ago). It is the first period of the Mesozoic Era, and lies between the Permian and Jurassic periods

Answer 310

The Jurassic is a geologic period and system that extends from 201.3± 0.6 Ma (million years ago) to 145± 4 Ma; that is, from the end of the Triassic to the beginning of the Cretaceous. The Jurassic constitutes the middle period of the Mesozoic Era, also known as the Age of Reptiles.

Answer 311

The Cenozoic Era; also Cænozoic, Caenozoic or Cainozoic; meaning "new life", from Greek καινός kainos "new", and ζωή zoe "life") is the current and most recent of the three Phanerozoic geological eras, following the Mesozoic Era and covering the period from 65 millions years ago to the present.

Answer 312

AH-191 - APS-C - AH-190

Answer 313

The pulsed neutron generator assembly (PNG-B) is filled with sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) at a pressure up to 100 psi at room temperature for insulation purposes. The gas is not toxic and is odorless and colorless. However, the gas is several times heavier than air and tends to collect in low areas. The possibility is remote, but conceivable, that if a considerable amount of gas were released near a low area, it could be a suffocation hazard by displacing the breathable air.

Answer 314

The minitron works in the following way: * • The filament absorbs deuterium when cold and releases it as gas when heated up. * • Heating the filament establishes a certain gas pressure in the tube. * • The deuterium gas is ionized to form positive deuterium ions (D2+) in the ion source. * • The positive ions are extracted from the source by the extractor voltage and then accelerated to the target that is loaded with tritium (3H), which typically is at -100 kV. * • The energetic deuterium interacts with the tritium and some particles go the fusion reaction as in equation: * d + H = n + He + Energy

Answer 315

5 detectors: The five detectors include four epithermal and one thermal 3He detector measure the neutrons after they have been scattered back to the tool. The only difference between thermal and epithermal detectors is that epithermal detectors are shielded with cadmium to avoid the entrance of thermal neutrons. The four epithermal detectors are placed at three different spacings as shown in below picture

Answer 316

Monitor the SF6 gas pressure and temperature in the PNG-B (MPRS and MTMP channels). The minitron should not be on. If the pressure is below 60 psi at room temperature, add SF6 to increase the pressure to 90 psi.

Answer 317

* Emission of fast neutrons from the AmBe neutron source * Slow down of fast neutrons to thermal energies due to collisions with nuclei in the formation and borehole * Capture of thermal neutrons by atoms in the formation and borehole and the subsequent emission of one or more prompt high-energy capture gamma rays * Detection of the prompt capture gamma rays with the BGO detector system and associated electronics * Processing of the gamma-ray spectra to produce relative elemental yields * Transformation of relativee lemental yields into dry weight fraction concentration logs for the elements Si, Fe, Ca, S, Ti, and Gd * Conversion of the concentration logs into lithological fractions of clay, carbonate, anhydrite,and QFM(quartz+feldspar+mica), called SpectroLith processing

Answer 318

The energy spectrum is a combination of neutron capture and inelastic interactions.

Answer 319

The thermal capture reactions usually account for about 85% of the detected signal. The neutron capture signal is due to H, Cl, Si, Ca, Fe, S, Ti, Gd, Ba, Mg, and K. Hydrogen and chlorine exist in both the drilling mud and formation fluid, while the rest are usually associated with matrix material. In oil-base muds, barite-weighted, or hematite - weighted mud, heavy or KCl muds there can be significant contributions to the borehole signal from Ca, Ba, Fe, S, and/or K. Spectral standards for Ba, K,and inelastic carbon (IC) are included by default in the spectral stripping processing to account for the Ba, K,and C in the mud system. The elements Si, Ca, Fe, S, and Ti are the key elements used in the basic SpectroLith interpretation of the ECS spectral data. H and inelastic carbon (IC) are used in coal processing logic, and Mg can be used under certain conditions for dolomite processing logic.

Answer 320

The inelastic reactions account for about 15 % of the total signal and are primarily due to inelastic reactions with C, O, Si, Ca, and Fe atoms in the formation, borehole, and tool.The inelastic yields are no tused in the standard interpretation of the data.Inelastic carbon (IC) is used in the automated coal processing logic to define a variable hydrogen offset correction.

Answer 321

Slim Fishing Kit

Answer 322

WL cables must not be cycled in an attempt to free a stuck toolstring. Cycling the wireline logging cable in an attempt to getfree has historically resulted in cable damage, lower weakpoint strength, unintentional pull offs and cable breakage. Other specific damage that may go unnoticed and lead to reduction in cable strength includes: * loose/stranded armors * bird cages * kinks * cable knots/looping * conductor damage * torque and load imbalances between armors

Answer 323

Big yellow tank filled with water for RST/APS calibration

Answer 324

SFT-393 is Heavy Duty Rig-up Equipment for 0.56 and 0.48 cable (T5011071)

Answer 325

SFT-401 is Heavy Duty Rig-up equipment for 0.52" cable (H360023)

Answer 326

There is no NMSG parameters in maxwell for MAST DCBL log, but you still can tune the detection gate using there parameters on the plot .You will find them under zoning parameters These parameter labelled on the plot only for MUH and so you need to do the same for MLH

Answer 327

1. EMA-B— sensor adapter (consists of the mud-resistivity sensor electrodes and mud-temperature sensor device without any related electronics. 2. EMC-B — cartridge (contains all the electronics that provide sensor signal processing, as well as the tool control functions based on FTB telemetry communication) 3. EMM-B — mechanical sub (contains the hydraulic system that activates the caliper arms.

Answer 328

* mud resistivity * mud temperature * caliper (for borehole diameter) * mono-axial acceleration (optional) for speed correction

Answer 329

CABLEHEAD ASSEMBLY/SINKER BAR 1. CONDUCTIVE SLACK JOINT ASSEMBLY 2. ELECTRICAL CROSS OVER SUB. 3. FIRING SUB ADAPTER 4. GAS GENERATOR SUB 5. ANCHOR BODY ASSEMBLY 6. PRESSURE RELIEF SUB 7. CHEMICAL CYLINDER 8. CATALYST SUB 9. SEVERING HEAD 10. BULL PLUG 11. CENTRALIZER

Answer 330

11/16 Through 2 3/8 CUTTERS

Answer 331

THERE WILL BE A SMALL GAP BETWEEN THE CYLINDER AND SEVERING HEAD. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO CLOSE IT, THE TEFLON WASHER MAY BE CRUSHED. THE USE OF A TOOL STAND (Minimum 12” High) IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED TO POSITION THE ELEVATED END OF CYLINDER ON.

Answer 332

1. Line Wiper 2. HGT Stuffing Box 3. Flow tubes 4. Grease Injection - control modules 5. Ball Check Valve 6. Tool (Head) Catcher 7. Lubricators 8. Tool Trap 9. Quick Test Safety Sub 10. Pump-In Sub 11. Double/Tripple Ram WL Valve 12. Shear and Seal WL Valve 13. Crossover to Customer Equipment 14. Flexible Lines 15. Cable Cutter Sub 16. Variable Length Lubricators

Answer 333

CBRA= 169.1 CSID^(-0.5393) mV

Answer 334

10 000 x 1.5 = 15 000 psi 15 000 x 1.5 = 22500 psi 20 000 x 1.5 = 30 000 psi

Answer 335

3000 x 1.5 = 6000 psi 5000 x 1.5 = 10 000 psi

Answer 336

* Design temperature:-29degC to 121 degC (-20degF to 250 degF). API 6A temperature Class P+U. * API 6A Product Specification Levels:PSL2 up to10,000psi PSL1 up to 5000psi. * API 6A Fluid Class AA.

Answer 337

* NACE MR0 175,current edition. * Design temperature: -29degC to 121 degC (–20deg F to 250 degF), API 6A temperature ClassP+U. * API 6A Product Specification Levels:PSL2 for 5,000 psi WP,PSL3 for 10,000 psi WP and 15,000 psi WP. * API 6A Fluid Class DD.

Answer 338

* Hostile Service:(H2S Service+high temperature (\>121degC, 250degF)/high pressure (\>10,000psi)) * NACE MR0 175, current edition. * Design temperature: -29degC to 180degC (-20degF to 350 degF), API 6A temperature Class P+X. * API 6A Product Specification Levels:PSL2 for 5,000 psi WP, PSL3 for 10,000 and 15,000 psi WP,and PSL4 for 20,000 psi WP. * API6AFluidClassDD.

Answer 339

* Surface induced and wellsite controlled with WHP\>1psi (e.g. a CBL under pressure). Wellsite control means that as a minimum possible action, the source of pressure can be isolated at any time from the wellhead by a qualified person present at all time. * Reservoir induced with WHP=0 but contingency cases could lead to a WHP\>1psi (overbalance perforating,openhole logging). * Reservoir induced pressure with WHP\>1psi (producing wells,steam, gas and water injector wells).

Answer 340

Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure:must be equal to the wellsite pressure test value.

Answer 341

MEWHP=WHE Maximum Expected Wellhead Pressure:WHP (MEWHP) is the maximum pressure, flowing or shut-in,that the wellhead will likely face during operations based either on downhole reservoir pressure or surface pumping capability. This would bet he Maximum Wellhead Pressure that will likely be seen during normal operations

Answer 342

Fore example, In an overbalanced operation (DrillingRig, fluid in well as primary barrier) WHP (MEWHP) wouldbe 0,but MPWHP would theoretically be = Reservoir Pressure. The MPWHP would only be experienced at surface in the event of total failure of Primary barrier. In this scenario the final means of Well Control would be the client Secondary Barrier. If the client requests, SLB may run an intermediate means of control (PackOff,HGT,WL Valves).

Answer 343

Wave field, where arrival time increases with depth is called "downgoing wave". The wave takes shortest path from source to receiver.

Answer 344

The wave is reflected and hence arrives earlier at deeper event than at shallower one. This is an "upgoing wave"

Answer 345

One of the main purposes of VSP processing is to image reflectors. To do it upgoing waves must be separated from downgoing and after from noise, shear wave, multiples, etc..

Answer 346

1. Velocity filtering 2. Deconvolution 3. TVG (TAR) 4. Corridor Stack

Answer 347

Velocity filtering takes the input data and utilizes filtering to separate the down-going wave and up-going wave from extraneous data and noise. The separation is visualized as follows on below picture.

Answer 348

Deconvolution removes multiples from up-going wave, based on down-going wave’s shape.

Answer 349

TVG is applied to recover up-going energy. In order to compensate for seismic energy decay, largely due to spherical divergence, and simulate a plain wave in a perfectly elastic medium, a gain function TVG (TAR) is applied. The gain function is given below. TVG = (T/T0)ß T: Time of the sample T0: TOFD For most of the job the ß value should be 1.3 to 1.7. Abbreviation: TVG: Time Varying Gain TAR: True Amplitude Recovery TOFD: Time of First Data

Answer 350

Corridor stack emphasizes the reflected waves and aligns them to proper two-way time so that the result can be compared to surface seismic data.

Answer 351

1. Load data from file 2. Check bandwidth for Down-going waveforms 3. Apply Band Pass filter for Down-going waveforms 4. Wavefield separation for Down-going and Up-going 5. Remove multiples 6. Check bandwidth for Up-going waveforms 7. Apply Band Pass Filter for Up-going waveforms 8. Recover attenuated energy for enhancing up-going waveforms 9. Up-going wavefield enhancement 10. Create corridor stack

Answer 352

1. • the SET line controlled by solenoid SOL3. 2. • the RETRACT line controlled by solenoid SOL2. 3. • the AUTO-RETRACT line controlled by solenoid SOL1.

Answer 353

The role of the Buffer is to prevent hole mud from going into the sensor cavity, thus disturbing the measure by blocking the sensor below. To this end its surface is machined to create a labyrinth in order to stop solid particles.

Answer 354

The Equalizing Valve is a normally-open spring-loaded valve. It equalizes the pressure between the flowline and the wellbore before retracting the probe from the formation. If the Equalizing Valve is not opened before attempting to retract the probe, differential pressure between the Packer/Probe Assembly and the formation can cause the tool to stick in the wellbore. Additionally, this valve allows the flowline to remain at hydrostatic pressure when tripping in and out of the well.

Answer 355

The Anchoring Assembly is a metallic block, called Anchoring Block, that holds: * • Two Hydraulic Stabbers and a Flowline Stabber. * • An Equalizing Valve (EQ). * • The Probe/Packer Assembly and Setting Pistons. * • The articulated Flowline Joint and Tee. * • The Anchoring Pistons. * • A buffer. * • The Set and Retract Purge Screws. * • The Flowline and Hydrostatic Purge Screws.

Answer 356

The Mini-Sequence Valve is mounted in the Probe Block, and controls the movement of the Filter Valve Piston (FVP). It acts as a hydraulic gate, activated at specific pressures, to regulate the set and retract cycles. The Mini-Sequence Valve allows forward flow through the valve when the pilot pressure exceeds the reference pressure. The reference pressure can be adjusted by turn the MSV cap, which compresses or lets expand 10 Belleville spring washers. The valve allows free flow in the reverse direction when the pilot pressure drops below to the reference pressure.

Answer 357

The flowline valve is a "spool type" with a protector sleeve. The flowline valve is used in the MRPO to connect the upper flowline to either the intake or output side of the displacement unit. One side of the displacement unit is always connected to the lower flowline. When the valve is set, the tool operates in the Pump-Up and Pump-Down modes. When the valve is reset, the tool operates in the Pump-In and Pump-Out modes.

Answer 358

At the receiving end (Rx), the transmission line with the characteristic impedance Zo will meet the input impedance of the receiver (Z_l ). To minimize reflection at this end, Z_l needs to be as close as possible to Zo. When Z_l=Zo, the transmission is said to be properly terminated

Answer 359

1. Telemetry cartridges: DTC/EDTC 2. Uses lines 5 and 6 3. The UH5-UH6 and LH5-LH6 are practically shorted when the IP is present, while UH5 and LH5 are open circuits. 4. When there is no IP in the asset (such as in the sonde or in a non FTB tool), FTB lines (#5 and #6) are simply a straight conductor). 5. The DTS will still work for all of the tools down to the one with the bad FTB wire. Tools below the one with the bad FTB wire cannot communicate with the telemetry cartridge. The DTS diagnostics indicates which tool is bad.

Answer 360

1. Telemetry cartridge : TCC 2. Uses lines 25, 27, 28 3. Needs termination resistor 52-56 Ohm 4. The DTB uses three coax conductors for the tool below the telemetry cartridge and four wires for the tool above the telemetry cartridge. If no DTB tool is present above the telemetry cartridge, install a jumper on DCHAINUP (#29) to UCLOCK (#28). 5. The DSIG and UDATAGO need to be continuous along the tools. If the bus in one tool is shorted, open or too long, all tools in the string will suffer.

Answer 361

1. Gray 2. Red 3. Black 4. Yellow 5. Orange 6. Tan 7. Blue

Answer 362

3000 - 3400 lbs

Answer 363

3500 - 4200 lbs

Answer 364

3900 - 4500 lbs

Answer 365

4800 - 5400 lbs

Answer 366

5400 - 6000 lbs

Answer 367

6000 - 6700 lbs

Answer 368

6700 - 7300 lbs

Answer 369

давление пробное - давление, при котором производится испытание сосуда; Величина пробного давления и время выдержки баллонов под пробным давлением устанавливаются изготовителем для стандартных баллонов по государственным стандартам, для нестандартных баллонов - по НД, при этом пробное давление равняется не менее чем полуторному рабочему давлению.

Answer 370

давление расчетное - давление, на которое производится расчет на прочность; расчетное давление меньше пробного

Answer 371

1. Статическое - груз весом +25% от рабочего поднимается на 200-300мм на 10 минут 2. Динамическое - груз весом +10% от рабочего. Цель - проверить в действии все системы, включая тормоза и системы отключения

Answer 372

1. 1.1 Commitment and Leadership 2. 1.2 Accountability 3. 2.1 Policies 4. 2.2 Objectives 5. 3.1 Organizational Responsibilities 6. 3.2 Organizational Structure 7. 3.3 Training and Competence 8. 3.4 Information Management 9. 3.5 Standards and Guidelines 10. 4.1 C&S Evaluation, Qualification and Selection 11. 4.2 C&S Management 12. 4.3 C&S Performance 13. 5.1 Hazard Analysis and Risk Control 14. 5.2 Prevention and Mitigation Measures 15. 5.3 Management of Change 16. 6.1 Assets, Products and Systems Integrity 17. 6.2 Processes 18. 6.3 Business Continuity 19. 7.1 Customer Satisfaction and Performance reviews 20. 7.2 Event Reporting and Management 21. 7.3 Compliance Monitoring 22. 7.4 Corrective Action and Continuous Improvement 23. 7.5 Recognition Programs 24. 7.6 Records 25. 8.1 MS Audits 26. 8.2 MS Reviews

Answer 373

541 - 252.2 millions years ago

Answer 374

252.2 - 66 millions years ago

Answer 375

The Triassic is a geologic period and system that extends from about 250 to 200 Ma (252.2 ± 0.5 to 201.3 ± 0.2 million years ago). It is the first period of the Mesozoic Era, and lies between the Permian and Jurassic periods

Answer 376

The Jurassic is a geologic period and system that extends from 201.3± 0.6 Ma (million years ago) to 145± 4 Ma; that is, from the end of the Triassic to the beginning of the Cretaceous. The Jurassic constitutes the middle period of the Mesozoic Era, also known as the Age of Reptiles.

Answer 377

The Cenozoic Era; also Cænozoic, Caenozoic or Cainozoic; meaning "new life", from Greek καινός kainos "new", and ζωή zoe "life") is the current and most recent of the three Phanerozoic geological eras, following the Mesozoic Era and covering the period from 65 millions years ago to the present.

Answer 378

It is known that thermal neutron porosity measurements are affected by the presence of strong neutron absorbers such as chlorine, boron, and cadmium. Neutron absorption will reduce the number of thermal neutrons reaching the detectors and give false high thermal neutron porosity measurements. Since conventional neutron tools such as the CNT and the HNGS rely on thermal neutron detection, the results from these tools must be corrected for the presence of neutron absorbers in a formation. Although these effects are well characterized, corrections are difficult to implement since thermal neutron capture cross section is not measured with the conventional tools. This problem is eliminated through the use of epithermal neutron detection in the APS. The increased population of high energy neutrons created by using a minitron source makes epithermal neutron detection possible in the APS

Answer 379

AH-191 - APS-C - AH-190

Answer 380

The pulsed neutron generator assembly (PNG-B) is filled with sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) at a pressure up to 100 psi at room temperature for insulation purposes. The gas is not toxic and is odorless and colorless. However, the gas is several times heavier than air and tends to collect in low areas. The possibility is remote, but conceivable, that if a considerable amount of gas were released near a low area, it could be a suffocation hazard by displacing the breathable air.

Answer 381

The minitron works in the following way: * • The filament absorbs deuterium when cold and releases it as gas when heated up. * • Heating the filament establishes a certain gas pressure in the tube. * • The deuterium gas is ionized to form positive deuterium ions (D2+) in the ion source. * • The positive ions are extracted from the source by the extractor voltage and then accelerated to the target that is loaded with tritium (3H), which typically is at -100 kV. * • The energetic deuterium interacts with the tritium and some particles go the fusion reaction as in equation: * d + H = n + He + Energy

Answer 382

5 detectors: The five detectors include four epithermal and one thermal 3He detector measure the neutrons after they have been scattered back to the tool. The only difference between thermal and epithermal detectors is that epithermal detectors are shielded with cadmium to avoid the entrance of thermal neutrons. The four epithermal detectors are placed at three different spacings as shown in below picture

Answer 383

Monitor the SF6 gas pressure and temperature in the PNG-B (MPRS and MTMP channels). The minitron should not be on. If the pressure is below 60 psi at room temperature, add SF6 to increase the pressure to 90 psi.

Answer 384

* Emission of fast neutrons from the AmBe neutron source * Slow down of fast neutrons to thermal energies due to collisions with nuclei in the formation and borehole * Capture of thermal neutrons by atoms in the formation and borehole and the subsequent emission of one or more prompt high-energy capture gamma rays * Detection of the prompt capture gamma rays with the BGO detector system and associated electronics * Processing of the gamma-ray spectra to produce relative elemental yields * Transformation of relativee lemental yields into dry weight fraction concentration logs for the elements Si, Fe, Ca, S, Ti, and Gd * Conversion of the concentration logs into lithological fractions of clay, carbonate, anhydrite,and QFM(quartz+feldspar+mica), called SpectroLith processing

Answer 385

The energy spectrum is a combination of neutron capture and inelastic interactions.

Answer 386

The thermal capture reactions usually account for about 85% of the detected signal. The neutron capture signal is due to H, Cl, Si, Ca, Fe, S, Ti, Gd, Ba, Mg, and K. Hydrogen and chlorine exist in both the drilling mud and formation fluid, while the rest are usually associated with matrix material. In oil-base muds, barite-weighted, or hematite - weighted mud, heavy or KCl muds there can be significant contributions to the borehole signal from Ca, Ba, Fe, S, and/or K. Spectral standards for Ba, K,and inelastic carbon (IC) are included by default in the spectral stripping processing to account for the Ba, K,and C in the mud system. The elements Si, Ca, Fe, S, and Ti are the key elements used in the basic SpectroLith interpretation of the ECS spectral data. H and inelastic carbon (IC) are used in coal processing logic, and Mg can be used under certain conditions for dolomite processing logic.

Answer 387

The inelastic reactions account for about 15 % of the total signal and are primarily due to inelastic reactions with C, O, Si, Ca, and Fe atoms in the formation, borehole, and tool.The inelastic yields are no tused in the standard interpretation of the data.Inelastic carbon (IC) is used in the automated coal processing logic to define a variable hydrogen offset correction.

Answer 388

Slim Fishing Kit

Answer 389

WL cables must not be cycled in an attempt to free a stuck toolstring. Cycling the wireline logging cable in an attempt to getfree has historically resulted in cable damage, lower weakpoint strength, unintentional pull offs and cable breakage. Other specific damage that may go unnoticed and lead to reduction in cable strength includes: * loose/stranded armors * bird cages * kinks * cable knots/looping * conductor damage * torque and load imbalances between armors

Answer 390

Big yellow tank filled with water for RST/APS calibration

Answer 391

SFT-393 is Heavy Duty Rig-up Equipment for 0.56 and 0.48 cable (T5011071)

Answer 392

SFT-401 is Heavy Duty Rig-up equipment for 0.52" cable (H360023)

Answer 393

The high tension CMTD (T5017801) with 20,000 lbs strain axle assembly (T5017803) or sheave-mounted tension device, TD-L, must be used for high tension operations

Answer 394

Set auto deflate in the well: * 1. Take the tool down to about 1000 ft for enough well pressure to operate the MRPO. * 2. Close inflate and interval valves. Pressurize the flow line on the Saturn 3-D Radial probe by closing all exit ports and pump with the MRPO. Stop pumping when ADV shows closed in the I/O monitor as shown below:

Answer 395

The principal element of The Blue Print, known as Our Mindset, comprises four types of behavior—Commitment, Integrity, Teamwork and Drive

Answer 396

1. Rxo - Invaded zone resistivity 2. Rmc - Mudcake resistivity 3. hmc - Mudcake thickness

Answer 397

* MCFL Electrodes:A1(x2), M(x2), A0, B0,B1,B2, N * B - Measurement Electrode * M - Monitor Electrode * N - Auxiliary Voltage Electrode * A0 and A1 - Guard Electrodes

Answer 398

* Range Repeatability 0.2 ohm-m - 2 ohm-m ±20 % 2 ohm-m - 200 ohm-m ±5 % 200 ohm-m - 2,000 ohm-m ±20 %

Answer 399

* RB0 / Rm2 \> 80,000 (hardware saturation) * hmc \>= 0.8 * HDRX \>= 3 (HDRX = Rxo/RB0 :correction too large to be accurate) * RB0 / Rmc

Answer 400

* Monitoring Voltage (MVRA) - ratio of Monitoring voltage over A0 voltage ; should be small (\< 0.001) * Contrast Indicator (RXIGIO) - ratio of A0 current over B0. Contrast range specified is 3 \< Rxo/Rmc\< 10,000. * Contrast/Rm Indicator (CTRM) - For detection of coupling error (from large bucking currents that leak into borehole) , when: 10,000\< Rxo/Rmc2\< 80,000. * Raw Resistivities - Must overlay in impermeable zones and for Rxo\>Rmc: RXR\>=RVDR\>=RVSR * Bucking Signals - For normal operations, looks for RXVB\>RXV, and RXIB/RXIG should be always constant. * Bo Current Overload - There should be no saturation except when there is rapid transition of Rt * Shuttle Link Error - When this occurs, all hardware failure is likely (bit 5 of RWS1 - specific status word)

Answer 401

* BO Current Overload (bit 6 of RWS1-MCFL - high)- * Shuttle Link Error (bit 5 of RWS1 - high)- * Monitoring Voltage Ratio Error (\> 0.005)- * Contrast/Rm indicator too large(CTRM \> 10,000)

Answer 402

1. **_MPOF: MCFL Processing Mode_** - Process the Raw resistivities RawB0 - Don’t process because the engineer wishes only to present the Raw BO resistivity (used when logging down). 1. **_GRSE: Generalized Mud Resistivity Selection_** Rm and Rmc values used in MCFL processing.Wrong values will lead to errors in MCFL processing 1. **_MHCC: MCFL High Contrast Correction Option_** Leave as unless local knowledge dictates otherwise (ie. High Rxo and low Rm)

Answer 403

The acoustic impedance of the cement is measured using a 3-step procedure. • Measure the acoustic properties (velocity and impedance) of the drilling fluid. Accurate knowledge of the fluid properties inside the casing is essential to calculate the cement impedance outside. This measurement is made while running in before logging. • Determine the cement impedance that best fits each measured casing echo, by theoretical modeling using the simple plane-wave model. The signal-processing method is called T3. • Apply pre-calculated corrections for the non-planar geometry of the casing and transducer.

Answer 404

1. Initial state, hydraulic motor on, both hydraulic and kinematics pressure is about 4000 psi 2. OPEN command given, Solenoid 1 goes on and pressure drops 3. Caliper opening 4. Pusher starts moving up 5. Pusher all the way up. Limit switch is On and pressures back to about 4000 psi 6. Coring motor turned on, coring pressure up to about 400 psi, current about 3 amps 7. BEGIN CORING command given, solenoid 2 activates and marker dropped, coring motor extends and starts pushing against formation 8. Normal pressure and voltages while coring 9. Coring motor stopped when kinematics piston reaches 1.9+ inches 10. Breaking the core and cycle bit 11. Kinematics position must reach 2.15" (same as surface) 12. RETRACT command given, solenoid 2 goes off and motor retracts 13. Coring motor fully retracted, kinematics piston position is 0 and pressure back to 4000 psi 14. Close command given, solenoid 1 goes off, pressure drops 15. Caliper Closing 16. Pusher starts to move down 17. Pushing core out of bit 18. Caliper closed, pusher down, pressure back to 4000 psi

Answer 405

Coring advancement decreasing due to debris collecting around and on the bit. Use clean debris from bit to help continued coring.

Answer 406

Clean Debris, Starting Motor In this example, FE is using Cycle Bit and starting the coring motor again in order to make sure the kinematics piston position reaches the same value as on surface and core is broken off

Answer 407

The coring is stopped at about 1.8", the kinematics position does not reach 2.14" to break the core. It stops at 2.0" and this is not enough to ensure the breaking movement has been completed

Answer 408

The high tension CMTD (T5017801) with 20,000 lbs strain axle assembly (T5017803) or sheave-mounted tension device, TD-L, must be used for high tension operations

Answer 409

Set auto deflate in the well: * 1. Take the tool down to about 1000 ft for enough well pressure to operate the MRPO. * 2. Close inflate and interval valves. Pressurize the flow line on the Saturn 3-D Radial probe by closing all exit ports and pump with the MRPO. Stop pumping when ADV shows closed in the I/O monitor as shown below:

Answer 410

CABLEHEAD ASSEMBLY/SINKER BAR 1. CONDUCTIVE SLACK JOINT ASSEMBLY 2. ELECTRICAL CROSS OVER SUB. 3. FIRING SUB ADAPTER 4. GAS GENERATOR SUB 5. ANCHOR BODY ASSEMBLY 6. PRESSURE RELIEF SUB 7. CHEMICAL CYLINDER 8. CATALYST SUB 9. SEVERING HEAD 10. BULL PLUG 11. CENTRALIZER

Answer 411

* BO Current Overload (bit 6 of RWS1-MCFL - high)- * Shuttle Link Error (bit 5 of RWS1 - high)- * Monitoring Voltage Ratio Error (\> 0.005)- * Contrast/Rm indicator too large(CTRM \> 10,000)

Answer 412

1. **_MPOF: MCFL Processing Mode_** - Process the Raw resistivities RawB0 - Don’t process because the engineer wishes only to present the Raw BO resistivity (used when logging down). 1. **_GRSE: Generalized Mud Resistivity Selection_** Rm and Rmc values used in MCFL processing.Wrong values will lead to errors in MCFL processing 1. **_MHCC: MCFL High Contrast Correction Option_** Leave as unless local knowledge dictates otherwise (ie. High Rxo and low Rm)

Answer 413

1. Rxo - Invaded zone resistivity 2. Rmc - Mudcake resistivity 3. hmc - Mudcake thickness

Answer 414

* RB0 / Rm2 \> 80,000 (hardware saturation) * hmc \>= 0.8 * HDRX \>= 3 (HDRX = Rxo/RB0 :correction too large to be accurate) * RB0 / Rmc

Answer 415

* Range Repeatability 0.2 ohm-m - 2 ohm-m ±20 % 2 ohm-m - 200 ohm-m ±5 % 200 ohm-m - 2,000 ohm-m ±20 %

Answer 416

Fixed Detection Gate Start

Answer 417

The mineralogy of carbonate rocks is relatively simple, with calcite (CaCO3), dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2), and evaporite minerals such as anhydrite (CaSO4) and gypsum (CaSO4-2H2O)

Answer 418

Elemental Log ANalysis

Answer 419

The acoustic impedance of the cement is measured using a 3-step procedure. • Measure the acoustic properties (velocity and impedance) of the drilling fluid. Accurate knowledge of the fluid properties inside the casing is essential to calculate the cement impedance outside. This measurement is made while running in before logging. • Determine the cement impedance that best fits each measured casing echo, by theoretical modeling using the simple plane-wave model. The signal-processing method is called T3. • Apply pre-calculated corrections for the non-planar geometry of the casing and transducer.

Answer 420

First Arrival Detection Algorithm

Answer 421

* Monitoring Voltage (MVRA) - ratio of Monitoring voltage over A0 voltage ; should be small (\< 0.001) * Contrast Indicator (RXIGIO) - ratio of A0 current over B0. Contrast range specified is 3 \< Rxo/Rmc\< 10,000. * Contrast/Rm Indicator (CTRM) - For detection of coupling error (from large bucking currents that leak into borehole) , when: 10,000\< Rxo/Rmc2\< 80,000. * Raw Resistivities - Must overlay in impermeable zones and for Rxo\>Rmc: RXR\>=RVDR\>=RVSR * Bucking Signals - For normal operations, looks for RXVB\>RXV, and RXIB/RXIG should be always constant. * Bo Current Overload - There should be no saturation except when there is rapid transition of Rt * Shuttle Link Error - When this occurs, all hardware failure is likely (bit 5 of RWS1 - specific status word)

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