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Tropical Forestry and Climate Change > Tools in Assessing Climate Change and CC Scenarios > Flashcards

Tools in Assessing Climate Change and CC Scenarios Flashcards

1
Q

It a plausible representation of future climate that has been constructed for explicit use in investigating the potential impacts of anthropogenic climate change.

A

Climate Change Scenario

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2
Q

Climate scenarios often make use of _______ _______, by manipulating model outputs and combining them with observed climate data.

A

climate projections

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3
Q

What are the assumptions and uncertain factors that make the future climate pattern difficult to predict?

A
  • population growth
  • the use of carbon fuel as an energy source
  • technological development
  • economic development
  • policies and attitudes toward environment
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4
Q

What are the climate data needed in making climate projections?

A
  • VARIABLES
  • SPATIAL SCALES
  • TEMPORAL RESOLUTION
  • EXTREME EVENTS
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5
Q

The climate variables required are dependent on the ______ ____ _____.

A

impact models used

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6
Q

What are the most common variables in impact studies?

A

a. surface observations of air temperature and precipitation
b. solar radiation
c. humidity
d. windspeed
e. soil temperature
f. snow cover

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7
Q

What are the specific variables that certain climate scenario construction procedures require?

A

a. daily air pressure data
b. mean sea-level pressure

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8
Q

It is useful for climate change impact assessment of coastal zones.

A

Sea-Level Rise

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9
Q

An index useful for identifying important large-scale climatic variations such as El Niño events.

A

Southern Oscillation Index

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10
Q

It depends on the objective of modeling and technical factors in the modeling such as the coverage area, quality of source data, and terrain condition

A

Spatial Scales

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11
Q

What are the required climate information or data in spatial scales?

A

a. single site (e.g., for assessing crop response to climate),
b. region (e.g., for modeling surface water distribution over a large water catchment),
c. the whole globe (e.g., for modeling changes in geographical life-zone distribution).

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12
Q

Range of Temporal Resolution

A

a. annual
b. seasonal
c. monthly
d. daily
e. hourly

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13
Q

Some cases, long-term averages may suffice (e.g., for _______ ____ _____) but in some impact studies, daily time series are essential (e.g., for _________ ________ _____ ____).

A

mapping vegetation distribution, simulating landslide mechanisms about rainfall

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14
Q

Studies of disasters often require knowledge of the probabilistic distribution of extremes in a certain period and area at risk.

A

Extreme Events

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15
Q

It is usually for estimating the risk of climate related disasters such as storm surges, droughts and forest and land fires.

A

Extreme Events

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16
Q

It describes some pathways that emissions will take over time.

A

Emission Scenarios

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17
Q

Based on the inputted emissions, the model will help us determine what will likely happen in the future in terms of?

A

temperature, sea level rise, and precipitation

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18
Q

As emissions are fed into the ______ ______, the model will help us determine what will likely happen in future

A

climate models

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19
Q

Two main approaches in emission scenarios as prescribed by IPCC:

A

➢ Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) of 2000
➢ Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP), 2014

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20
Q

This is developed by IPCC and can give the range of plausible future climate.

A

SRES (Special Report on Emission Scenarios)

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21
Q

They are also sometimes referred to as emission pathways.

A

storylines

22
Q

A storyline where there is a very rapid growth, population peaks mid-century; social, cultural and economic convergence among regions; market mechanisms dominate.

A

A1

23
Q

A storyline where self reliance; preservation of local identities; continuously increasing population; and economic growth on regional scales.

A

A2

24
Q

A storyline where clean and efficient technologies; reduction in material use; global solutions to economic growth on regional scales.

A

B1

25
Q

A storyline where Local solution to sustainability; continuously increasing population at a lower rate than in A2; less rapid technological change in B1 and A1.

A

B2

26
Q

What is the other model used to build a scenario which is a reverse of SRES?

A

REPRESENTATIVE CONCENTRATION PATHWAY (RCP)

27
Q

This model defines the GHG trajectories first, then define what human responses corresponds to those trajectories

A

REPRESENTATIVE CONCENTRATION PATHWAY (RCP)

28
Q

What are the factors for changes in RFA?

A
  1. predictive solar output
  2. all GHGs that affect energy flows
  3. the use of aerosol and black carbon
  4. snow
  5. land use change
29
Q

includes the biomass of tree, understory and herbaceous vegetation

A

Aboveground biomass (AGB)

30
Q

includes the biomass of the soil and roots

A

Belowground biomass

31
Q

the dry matter weight of organic material (above-or belowground, live or dead)

A

Biomass

32
Q

a reservoir or a system which has the capacity to accumulate or release carbon.

A

Carbon Pool

33
Q

What are the examples for carbon pool?

A

forest biomass
wood products
soils
and atmosphere

34
Q

the natural features that absorb CO2, such as forests or seas.

A

Carbon Sink

35
Q

the absolute quantity of carbon held within a pool at the specified time.

A

Carbon stock

36
Q

standing dead tree and fallen logs.

A

Course wood debris (CWD)

37
Q

the L and O horizon comprising of dead plant material that lies on top of the mineral soil.

A

Litter

38
Q

deadwood material in the forest that is beyond 5cm dbh and 0.5m length.

A

Necromass

39
Q

the yearly sequestration of CO2, taken from the difference between sequestration observation for two time periods divided by the number of years elapsed.

A

Sequestration rate

40
Q

the amount of carbon derived from the weight of soil in Mg multiplied by %SOC. The %SOC being derived from its relations to %OM.

A

Soil organic carbon (SOC)

41
Q

undergrowth which includes saplings, wildlings and grass

A

Understory/herbaceous plants

42
Q

the process of capturing carbon from the atmosphere so that the buildup of carbon dioxide (the principal greenhouse gas) concentration will be reduced (Iverson et al., 1993)

A

Carbon Sequestration

43
Q

an anthropogenic intervention designed to reduce the emissions or to enhance the sinks to greenhouse gases.

A

Climate Change Mitigation

44
Q

interventions to minimize the impact of climate change to those likely to be affected by this phenomenon.

A

Climate Change Adaptation

45
Q

It measures the potential of a forest and its components or an
ecosystem component to sequester Carbon.

A

Carbon stock assessment

46
Q
A
47
Q

What is the concept of all C assessment tools?

A

“A tree is 50% carbon”

48
Q

wood is
Carbon, ____
Oxygen, ___
Hydrogen ____ and
Nitrogen ____ (Rowell, et al., 2012)

A

50%
42%
6%
1%

49
Q

the amount of GHG often measured using CO2 equivalent

A

Greenhouse gas emission

50
Q

a tool that can provide historical information of the anthropogenic GHG emission sources and removals within a certain area (IPCC, 2013).

A

GHG emission inventory or accounting

Tropical Forestry and Climate Change (4 decks)

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