Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neurology Clerkship > Top 100 Secrets > Flashcards

Top 100 Secrets Flashcards

(66 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are findings in myopathies?

A

proxmial symmetric weakness WITHOUT sensory loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the triad of spinal cord disease?

A

distal symmetric weakness
sphincter problems
sensory level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Unilateral lesion in brainstem causes what?

A

causes “crossed syndrome”
ipsilateral dysfxn of CN
contralateral hemiparesis and/or hemisensory loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what causes memory formation?

A

long-term potentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

NT deficiency in alzheimers

A

Acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

NT deficiency in epilepsy

A

GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

NT deficiency in parkinsons

A

dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

NT deficiency in migraine

A

serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What muscle weakness causes a foot drop?

A

tibialis anterior muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what lesion causes a foot drop?

A

Common peroneal nerve

Or L5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which portion of the face is paralyzed in Bells palsy? What nerve is damaged?

A

entire face

lower motor neuron of CN VII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what portion of the face is paralyzed with UMN of CN VII? Why?

A

Lower face because the upper face is innervated by bilateral CN VII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What causes a dilated or “blown” pupil?

A

compression of CN III by aneurysm or brain herniation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which type of hydrocephalus is a medical emergency?

A

non-communicating hydrocephalus because increased ICP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do you diagnose myopathies?

A
  • CK
  • EMG
  • muscle biopsy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the most common muscular dystrophy in adults?

A

myotonic dystrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What structure is impaired in lamert-eaton myastenic syndrome?

A

pre-synaptic voltage gated calcium channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is myotonia?

A

delayed relaxation after muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does muscle disease show on EMG?

A

full contraction with short, small, motor units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does nerve disease show on EMG?

A

dropout and reduction in muscle contraction

prolonged, large motor units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

most common causes of peripheral neuropathy

A

diabetes and alcoholism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

most common cause of motor neuropathy

A

guillan-barre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the most common overlooked cause of peripheral neuropathy?

A

genetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

spinal fluid of guillan barre?

A

high protein and low cell counts (normal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
most common motor neuron disease
ALS
26
indications for surgery in patient with radiculopathy
- intractable pain - progressive motor weakness or sensory deficits - symptoms refractory to reasonable degree of nonoperative therapy
27
What is neurogenic claudication (psuedoclaudication)
bilateral, asymmetric lower extremity pain that is provoked by walking, better with rest
28
what is spinal shock?
sudden damage to spinal cord leading to temporary flaccid paralysis, hyporeflexia, sensory loss, loss of bladder tone
29
Occlusion of what artery causes anterior spinal artery syndrome
Adamkiewicz
30
What are the findings of ASA syndrome?
- bilateral weakness - loss of pain and temperature and hyperreflexia below lesion - preserved dorsal column functions (position and vibration)
31
findings in cauda equina syndrome?
- weakness and sensory loss in lower extremities - prominent radicular pain - saddle anesthesia - urinary incontinence
32
Triad of Meniere's disease
- episodic vertigo - tinnitus - hearing loss
33
What causes of meniere's disease?
- increased endolymph in scala media | - hair cells degenerate in the macula and vestibule
34
Where is the blood supply of the brain stem derived?
vertebrobasilar system of posterior circulation
35
What are the 2 causes of coma?
- process affecting reticular activating system in brain stem - process affecting both cerebral hemispheres simultaneously
36
What is the most valuable treatment in parkinsons disease?
Sinemet (levodopa)
37
Whats the most common cause of tremor?
essential tremor
38
What is the most common form of focal dystonia?
torticollis
39
What is the treatment of most focal dystonia?
botulinum toxin
40
What are the cardinal symptoms of autonomic insufficiency?
- orthostatic hypotension - bowel and bladder dysfunction - impotence - sweating abnormalities
41
what is syncope most commonly caused by?
cardiac problems, not neurologic
42
What does the diagnosis of MS require?
- two separate symptoms and two different time | - lesions disseminated in space and time
43
What is status epilepticus?
seizures that persist or recur without regaining consciousness
44
When do you need to stop status epilepticus?
within 1 hour of onset
45
How do you diagnose vascular dementia?
can't use just MRI or CT scan alone, you also need a clinical picture of cerebral ischemia
46
What is the technical word for sleep lab testing?
polysomnographic evaluation
47
classic tetrad of narcolepsy
- excessive daytime sleepiness - cataplexy - sleep paralysis - hypnagogic hallucinations
48
What are the most common primary brain tumors?
glioma
49
what is the most common spinal cord tumor?
astrocytoma
50
how much more common are metastatic brain tumors compared to primary?
10 times more likely
51
what is the treatment of spinal mets?
radiation
52
what is dysarthria?
defect in the way speech sounds
53
what is aphasia?
defect in the use of language
54
what is the most common sporadic encephalitis?
herpes simplex
55
first line treatment for acute migraines
triptans
56
best treatment for tension headache
amitriptyline + NSAID
57
What is normal adult EEG with eyes closed?
9-11 cycles/sec in occipital lobes | this is called the alpha rhythm
58
what are the 4 types of strokes?
- thrombotic - embolic - lacunar - hemorrhagic
59
what are the most important modifiable risk factors for stroke?
- HTN - smoking - heart disease - hyperlipidemia - hyperhomocysteinemia
60
When do you do surgery on patients with symptomatic stroke?
70% stenosis or more in internal carotid arteries
61
most important complications of SAH
- rebleeding - vasospastic ischemia - hydrocephalus - sz - SIADH
62
what should you do for all partial seizures?
evaluate with MRI
63
when should you send someone to an epilepsy evaluation center?
when a patient fails 2 drug treatments
64
Broca aphasia
impaired comprehension, repetition, naming, and speech output d/t left frontal lobe lesion
65
Wernicke aphasia
fluent speech full of nonsense words and phrases d/t L temporal lesion
66
what is the drug most often recommended by neurologists?
acetaminophen

Neurology Clerkship (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions