Topic 1

Question 1

The study of the relationship between organisms and their environment, and the balances between these relationship.

Answer 1

Ecology

Question 2

Ecology derived from Greek words:

Answer 2

OIKOS and LOGOS

Question 3

OIKOS meaning ____

Answer 3

Home

Question 4

LOGOS meaning ____

Answer 4

Study

Question 5

the scientific study of the relationships that living organisms have with each other and with their natural environment

Answer 5

Ecology

Question 6

being aware of the natural environment and making choices that benefit the earth, rather than hurt it.

Answer 6

Environmental Awareness

Question 7

The study of interaction of man with the natural environment.

Answer 7

Environmental science

Question 8

Function of Ecosystem

Answer 8

1. Habitat Function
2. Production Function
3. Regulatory Function
4. Informational Function

Question 9

ecosystem regulates essential ecological processes and life support systems and renders stability.

Answer 9

Regulatory Function

Question 10

Responsible for cycling of nutrients between biotic and abiotic components

Answer 10

Regulatory Function

Question 11

Also, it provides many services that have direct and indirect benefits to humans

Answer 11

Regulatory Function

Question 12

ecosystems provide an essential ‘reference function’ and contribute to the maintenance of human health by providing opportunities for spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, recreation and aesthetic experience.

Answer 12

Informational Function

Question 13

Structure of ecosystem

Answer 13

Biotic and abiotic

Question 14

This refers to large life-forms such as trees or mammals, small life-forms such as insects and algae, and microscopic life-forms such as bacteria.

Answer 14

Biotic

Question 15

Autotrophs derived from Greek words:

Answer 15

Autos and trophe

Question 16

Autos meaning _____

Answer 16

Self

Question 17

Trophe meaning _____

Answer 17

Nourishment

Question 18

organisms which are able to manufacture organic compounds from inorganic substances from their environment.

Answer 18

Producer

Question 19

Heterotrophs derived from Greek words ____

Answer 19

Heteros and Trophe

Question 20

Hetero meaning ____

Answer 20

Another/Different

Question 21

Trophe meaning _____

Answer 21

Nourishment

Question 22

an organism that cannot synthesize their own food and must obtain it ready made.

Answer 22

Heterotroph

Question 23

Also known as primary consumers

Answer 23

Herbivores

Question 24

have special digestive systems that let them digest all kinds of plants, including grasses.

Answer 24

Herbivores

Question 25

generally eat herbivores (secondary consumers), but occasionally eat other carnivores also (tertiary consumers).

Answer 25

Carnivores

Question 26

an organism that hunts and kills other organisms for food.

Answer 26

Predators

Question 27

eat the food that has been killed and left behind by predators.

Answer 27

Scavengers

Question 28

are opportunistic, general feeders with neither carnivore nor herbivore specializations for acquiring or processing food, and are capable of consuming and do consume both animal protein and vegetation.

Answer 28

Omnivores

Question 29

Consume dead organic material such as carcasses, fallen leaves, dead plants, animal droppings and shed skins. Having consumed the material, the organism then excretes or egests waste.

Answer 29

Detritivores

Question 30

Ingest fragments of dead organisms and their cast-off parts and organic waste.

Answer 30

Detritus Feeders

Question 31

Do not ingest dead tissue or waste; rather they absorb and endocytose the soluble nutrients at the cellular level.

Answer 31

Decomposers

Question 32

These are micro-organisms which break-down organic matter into inorganic compounds and derive their nutrition in the process.

Answer 32

Decomposers

Question 33

break down complex compound into simpler compounds without eating them

Answer 33

Decomposers

Question 34

a nonliving condition or thing, such as climate or habitat, that influences or affects an ecosystem and the organisms in it

Answer 34

Abiotic

Question 35

It determine which species of organisms will survive in a given environment.

Answer 35

Abiotic

Question 36

Sunlight, water, air, temperature, rainfall, soil texture, wind speed and direction,, etc. this is example of what component

Answer 36

Physical components

Question 37

Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, iron, copper, zinc, etc.This is a example of what component

Answer 37

Chemical components

Question 38

Refers to the processes that link the different structural elements together.

Answer 38

Ecosystem Function

Question 39

The chain of the reaction during which cells release the chemical-bond energy and convert into other usable forms,

Answer 39

Cellular respiration

Question 40

also known as the law of conservation of energy,, states that the total amount of energy in all its forms remains constant.

Answer 40

First law of Thermodynamics

Question 41

states that every time energy is transformed, it tends to go from a more organized and concentrated form to a less organized or more dispersed forms, It is also known as the law of degradation of energy quality.

Answer 41

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Question 42

It refers to the transfer of food energy from the source through the series of organisms, in a process of sequential or repeated eating and being eaten.

Answer 42

Food chain

Question 43

Refers to the interconnected and interlocking relationships among various food chains in an ecosystem

Answer 43

Food webs

Question 44

Shows how the amount of available energy decreases at each succeeding trophic level.

Answer 44

The energy of pyramid

Question 45

The total amount of matter present in organisms of an ecosystem at each trophic level is biomass.

Answer 45

Pyramid of Biomass

Question 46

the total amount of living or organic matter in an ecosystem at any time

Answer 46

Biomass

Question 47

a graphical representation of the numbers of individuals in each population in a food chain.

Answer 47

Pyramid of numbers

Question 48

It can be used to examine how the population of a certain species affects another.

Answer 48

Pyramid of numbers

Question 49

Elements and inorganic compounds that sustain life tend to circulate in the earth’s biosphere in regular paths from the atmosphere to the lithosphere or hydrosphere into living things and then back into this environment

Answer 49

Biogeochemical cycles

Question 50

Involves the continuous circulation of water in the Earth-Atmosphere system.

Answer 50

Hydrologic cycle

Question 51

the process that moves carbon between plants, animals, and microbes; minerals in the earth; and the atmosphere.

Answer 51

Carbon cycle

Question 52

the fourth most abundant element in the universe.

Answer 52

Carbon

Question 53

Process through which nitrogen is converted into many forms, consecutively passing from the atmosphere to the soil to organism and back into the atmosphere.

Answer 53

Nitrogen cycle

Question 54

Types of Nitrogen Fixation

Answer 54

1. Atmospheric fixation 2. Industrial nitrogen fixation: 3. Biological nitrogen fixation:

Question 55

A natural phenomenon where the energy of lightning breaks the nitrogen into nitrogen oxides, which are then used by plants.

Answer 55

Atmospheric fixation

Question 56

It is a man-made alternative that aids in nitrogen fixation by the use of ammonia. Ammonia is produced by the direct combination of nitrogen and hydrogen.

Answer 56

Industrial nitrogen fixation

Question 57

These nitrogen compounds get fixed in the soil by these microbes.

Answer 57

Biological nitrogen fixation

Question 58

In this process, the ammonia is converted into nitrate by the presence of bacteria in the soil.

Answer 58

Nitrification

Question 59

plants take in the nitrogen compounds from the soil with the help of their roots, which are available in the form of ammonia, nitrite ions, nitrate ions or ammonium ions and are used in the formation of the plant and animal proteins.

Answer 59

Primary producers

Question 60

This process of decomposition produces ammonia, which is further used for other biological processes.

Answer 60

Ammonification

Question 61

This process of the nitrogen cycle is the final stage and occurs in the absence of oxygen.

Answer 61

Denitrification

Question 62

the process in which the nitrogen compounds make their way back into the atmosphere by converting nitrate (NO3-)  into gaseous nitrogen (N).

Answer 62

Denitrification

Question 63

The biogeochemical cycle that describes the transformation and translocation of phosphorus in soil, water, and living and dead organic material.

Answer 63

Phosphorus cycle

Question 64

A group of organisms that are capable of breeding with each other under natural conditions

Answer 64

Species

Question 65

group of organisms of the same species that occupy a particular area over a given interval of time.

Answer 65

Population

Question 66

Populations of various species living in the same area, representing a large no. of connections and needs are referred as community

Answer 66

Community

Question 67

It is a self sustaining structural and functional unit of the biosphere.

Answer 67

Ecosystems

Question 68

The portion of earth that supports life

Answer 68

Biosphere

Question 69

It consists of the variety of living organisms, having the genetic differences between them and the communities and ecosystems in which they occur.

Answer 69

Biodiversity