Topic 1 Flashcards
Mapping Conventions (24 cards)
KGC
Key Geographical Concepts
Primary Data
Data sourced by yourself (i.e a drawing made by you)
Secondary Data
Data that someone else has made and is used for personal research (i.e reading a journal).
Relative Distance
Measure of distance between two points; measures approx. time of travel.
Absolute/Linear Distance
Measure of distance between two points; measures total distance and direction.
Place
A specified area within a country, land or in the world.
Absolute Location
Precise record of place, involving geographical coordinates.
Relative Location
Description of location of place by using another location respective to it, measuring total distance and direction.
Region
Distinguishable area in the earth’s surface due to characteristics from any other area.
Movement
The direction of something/phenomena of changing of location.
Described by arrows, thin means less, thick means more in density
Map Scale
Describes relationship of map measurements and actual measurements on the ground.
Two kinds;
- Linear (described by arrows, thin means less, thick means more in density)
- Ratio (i.e 1:100,000. Every 1cm = 100,000cm on earth (1km))
Observational Scale
Conceptual measurement of scale, determined/studied by size of region. Separated into different levels;
- Local
- Regional
- National
- International
- Global
Can be disasters, distribution of product, etc.
Distribution
Patterns, features, and objects that can be assessed through PQE and Spatial Association (if making comparison).
PQE: (Pattern (distribution of something), Quantification (how it can be measured/evidence of such distribution), Exception (outliers within map))
Spatial Association: Assessing the strength of relationship/association (strong, moderate, or weak).
Change
Changes that can be found overtime in different places, scales etc.
Interconnection
Relationships between factors related to each other in a variety of ways (i.e. people and organizations).
Mapping Skills
Skills needed to determine, assess and study a map.
Map Types
Political, Physical and Topographic
Political: Showcases governmental-boundaries of each country.
Physical: Physical copy of map
Topographic: Accurate and detailed graphic representation of factors that appear on the earth’s surface
BOLTSSNA
B - Border
O - Orientation
L - Legend
T - Title
S - Scale
S - Source
N - Neatness
A - Accuracy
Grid Referencing
Splits maps into smaller areas than an alpha-numeric grid. GR is used to read topographic maps.
Northings and Eastings splits map into grid.
Eastings and Northings
Eastings - First when reading a map; vertical
Northings - Second when reading a map; horizontaL
Types of Grid Referencing
4GR - 4-figure grid referencing.
(i.e. Eastings: 47 north, Northings: 88 west= GR 47 north, 88 west)
6GR - 6-figure grid referencing
(i.e. Eastings: 46.9 south, Northings: 92.3 east = 469 South, 923 East)
Difference: 6GR is more accurate, 4GR is approximate/within area.
Longitude & Latitude
Longitude: Runs in North & South direction on globe, 0 to 180 degrees, represents East and West, measures how far a location is north/south from equator.
Latitude: Runs in East & West direction on globe, 0 to 90 degrees represents North and South at the poles, measures how far east/west location is from Prime Meridian (like a vertical equator, starting from each pole and converging)
Contour Lines
Describes shape, slope and height of land.
Closer contour lines = higher elevation of land.
Farther contour lines = lower elevation of land.
Elevation
Height above sea level.
