Topic 1 Flashcards
(39 cards)
What is meant by ‘nutrition’ in living organisms?
The intake of materials for energy, growth, and development.
What is meant by ‘respiration’ in living organisms?
The chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy.
What is meant by ‘excretion’ in living organisms?
The removal of toxic materials, waste products of metabolism, and substances in excess.
What is meant by ‘response to surroundings’?
The ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment.
What is meant by ‘movement’ in living organisms?
The ability to move parts of the body or the entire organism.
What is meant by ‘control of internal conditions’?
The regulation of the internal environment to maintain optimum conditions (homeostasis).
What is meant by ‘reproduction’?
The process of producing offspring to continue the species.
What is meant by ‘growth and development’?
The permanent increase in size and dry mass by increasing cell number or size, and the development of new features.
Are plants multicellular or unicellular?
Multicellular.
What organelle allows plants to photosynthesise?
Chloroplasts.
What is the composition of plant cell walls?
Cellulose.
How do plants store carbohydrates?
As starch or sucrose.
Give two examples of plants.
Maize (cereal) and peas or beans (legume).
Do animal cells contain chloroplasts?
No.
Do animal cells have cell walls?
No.
How do animals usually respond to stimuli?
They have nervous coordination and can move from place to place.
How do animals store carbohydrates?
As glycogen.
Give two examples of animals.
Humans (mammals) and houseflies (insects).
Do fungi photosynthesise?
No.
What is the body of most fungi organised into?
A mycelium made from hyphae.
What is the structure of fungal hyphae?
Thread-like structures that contain many nuclei.
What are fungal cell walls made of?
Chitin.
How do fungi feed?
By extracellular secretion of enzymes (saprotrophic nutrition).
How do fungi store carbohydrates?
As glycogen.
