Topic 1 - Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
(28 cards)
Name all the bones.
What does a joint do?
Connect bone to bone to allow movement.
What does a tendon do?
Connect muscle to bone.
What do long bones allow for and give an example?
Gross movements, large scale movements such as running.
What do short bones allow for and give an example?
Allow for finer controlled movements such as articulation of the fingers.
What are flat bones used for and give an example of one?
To protect organs from damage.
What is an example of a flat bone and a sporting use.
Cranium, header in football.
What are the 6 functions of the skelatons?
Support / structure
Protection
Movement
Mineral storage
Blood cell production
What are joints and name all the major ones.
Joints are any points where two or more bones meet.
Hip - Pelvis and femur.
Shoulder - Humerus and scapula.
Knee - Femur and tibia.
Ankle - Tibia, fibula and talus.
Elbow - Humerus, radius and ulna.
What is flexion and what is extension and give an example for each one?
Flexion is closing a joint for example the elbow in preparation for a basketball throw.
Extension - Opening a joint for example kicking a football.
What is Adduction and what is Abduction and give an example for each one?
Adduction - Moving towards an imaginary centre line for example swinging a golf club.
Abduction - Moving away from an imaginary centre line for example taking back a tennis racket before swinging it.
What is Rotation and what is Circumduction and give an example of each one.
Rotation = Clockwise or anticlockwise movement of the limb for example the shoulder movement during a topspin forehand in tennis.
Circumduction - Movement of a limb, hand or foot in a circular motion for example bowling a cricket ball overarm.
What is plantar flexion and what is dorsiflexion and give an example of each one.
Plantar flexion - Extension at the ankle for example pointing toes during gymnastics.
Dorsiflexion - Flexion at the ankle for example lifting the toes during gymnastics.
What types of movement can ball and socket joints do and what type of movements can hinge joints do?
Ball and socket - All of them.
Hinge - Only flexion and extension
What is the role of the ligament?
Holds bones together to restrict how much joints can move. This helps maintain stability of the skeleton and prevent dislocation of joints.
What is the role of tendons.
Attach muscles to bones to allow bones to move when muscles contract.
What is the role of cartilage?
Acts as a cushion between bones to prevent damage during joint movement by absorbing shock and preventing friction between bones. It also aids stability of a joint.
What is a synovial joint?
Ball and socket and hinge joints are synovial joints. A synovial joint allows a wide range of movements.
Name the structure of the synovial joint.
What are the bones at a synovial joint held together by?
Ligaments.
What are the ends of the bones covered with?
Cartilage.
What does the synovial membrane release and why?
The synovial membrane releases synovial fluid to lubricate the joint allowing it to move more easily.
What is a bursae?
Sacks of fluid, which reduce friction between bones and tissues in and around a joint.
Name all the muscles.
