Topic 1: Attitudes, Behaviours, and Values Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are values?
A broad tendency to perform certain states of affairs over others.
What is work centrality?
-Work centrality describes how work itself is valued across cultures. If someone said they were likely to continue working if they won the lottery would have high work centrality.
-Those with more work centrality also tend to work more hours.
What is uncertainty avoidance?
Uncertainty avoidance refers to the extent to which people are uncomfortable with uncertain and ambiguous situations.
What four basic dimensions did Hofstede find to be work related values that differed across cultures?
1) Power distance
2) Uncertainty avoidance
3) Masculinity/femininity
4)Individualism/collectivism
What is cultural distance? What impact may it have?
Cultural distance refers to the extent to which cultures differ in values. Cultural distance impedes communication, and makes negotiations, M&A, and joint ventures more difficult.
What is the difference between tight cultures, loose cultures, and tough cultures?
-Tight cultures have strong, clear standards for behaviour, and strong sanctions for deviation from these standards.
-Loose cultures have weak social norms and high tolerance for deviant or diverse behaviours.
-Tough cultures that are high-pressure, often demanding, and expect high performance under stress.
What is cultural intelligence?
Cultural intelligence is the capability to function and manage well in culturally diverse environments.
What is an attitude?
An attitude is a fairly stable evluative tendency to respond consistently to some specific object, situation, person, or category of people. Attitudes often involve evaluations directed towards specific targets.
What is emotional contagion?
Emotional contagion is the tendency for moods and emotions to spread between people or throughout a group.
What is emotional labour?
Emotional labour is the requirement for people to conform to certain emotional “display rules” in their job behaviour in spite of their true mood or emotions.
Emotional labour takes a toll on job satisfaction and increases stress.
What is dirty work?
Dirty work has some physical, social, or moral stigma attached to them by the public.
What are the negative consequences of job satisfaction?
Negative consequences of job satisfaction include: absenteeism, turnover, performance.
What are organizations?
Organizations are social inventions for accomplishing common goals through group effort.
What does the field of organizational behaviour seek to study?
The field of organizational behaviour is about understanding people and managing them to work effectively.
What is human resource management?
Human resources management refers to programs, practices, and systems to acquire, develop, motivate, and retain employees in organizations.
What is evidence based managment?
Evidence-based management involves translating principles based on the best scientific evidence into organizational practices.
What four sources can a feeling of meaningful work come from?
1) the actual tasks an individual performs
2) task significance (the impact that a job has on other people)
3) the extent to which a job involves doing a complete piece of work
4) when people identify with the organization’s values, goals, and mission
What is job design?
Job design involves designing jobs to enhance skill variety, task significance, and task identity, as these characteristics are associated with greater meaningfulness.
What is the human relations movement?
The human relations movement is a critique of classical management and bureaucracy that advocated management styles that were more partiipative and oriented toward employee needs.
What is the most stressful way to be treated unfairly?
Being treated fairly sometimes but not other times.
