Topic 1 - Biological Molecules

Question 1

Examples of monomers

Answer 1

Amino acids, Nucleotides, monosaccharides

Question 2

Condensation reaction

Answer 2

.Joining 2 molecules together, forming a chemical bond and involves elimination of a water molecule
.Peptide bonds, glycosidic bonds and phosphodiester bonds formed via condensation reactions

Question 3

Hydrolysis

Answer 3

Breaking a chemical bond between 2 molecules using a water molecule

Question 4

Functional protein

Question 5

DNA

Answer 5

.Holds genetic information
.Double helix with 2 polynucleotide stands held by hydrogen bonds between complentary base pairs

Question 6

RNA

Answer 6

.Transfers genetic info from DNA to ribosomes
.Short polynucleotide chain

Question 7

What are ribosomes formed from?

Answer 7

RNA and proteins

Question 8

Process of semi conservative replication (3) , and who discovered it

Answer 8

CRICK AND WATSON DISCOVERED IT
. DNA helicase in unwinds DNA helix by breaking its hydrogen bonds between complementary bases in the polynucleotide strands
.Free DNA nucleotides bind to exposed bases on template strands via complementary base pairing
.DNA polymerase catalyses the condensation reaction that joins adjacent nucleotides.

Question 9

Properties of water

Answer 9

.is a metabolite in many metabolic reactions, including condensation and hydrolysis reactions
.is an important solvent in which metabolic reactions occur
.has a relatively high heat capacity, buffering changes in temperature
.has a relatively large latent heat of vaporisation, providing a cooling effect with little loss of water through evaporation
.has strong cohesion between water molecules; this supports columns of water in the tube-like transport cells of plants and produces surface tension where water meets air.

Question 10

Difference between Alpha glucose and Beta glucose

Answer 10

Alpha Glucose - OH are both on the same plane (both down)
Beta Glucose - OH are on opposite planes (Left OH is bellow, right OH in the top)