Topic 1 - Cell biology (1)

Question 1

What types of organism are there? (2)

Answer 1

• prokaryotes
• eukaryotes

Question 2

What are all living things made of?

Answer 2

cells

Question 3

What are the two types of cells?

Answer 3

• prokaryotic cells
• eukaryotic cells

Question 4

What are two examples of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 4

Eukaryotic cells are complex and include plant and animal cells

Question 5

Give an example of a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 5

• they are smaller and simpler like bacteria

Question 6

What are eukaryotes?

Answer 6

organisms that are made up of eukaryotic cells

Question 7

What is a prokaryote?

Answer 7

a prokaryotic cell (it’s a single celled organism)

Question 8

What are the different parts of cells called?

Answer 8

subcellular structures (organelles)

Question 9

What subcellular structures do most animal cells have? (5)

Answer 9

• nucleus
• cytoplasm
• cell membrane
• mitochondria
• ribosomes

Question 10

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 10

contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell

Question 11

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 11

a gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen
(it contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions)

Question 12

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 12

holds the cell together and controls what goes in or out

Question 13

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 13

where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place (respiration transfers energy that the cells need to work)

Question 14

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 14

where proteins are made in the cell (the site of protein sysnthesis)

Question 15

What organelles are found in plant cells but not animal cells? (3)

Answer 15

• Rigid cell wall
• Permanent vacuole
• chloroplasts

Question 16

What is the function of the rigid cell wall?
What is it made of?

Answer 16

supports and strengthens the cell
made of cellulose

Question 17

What is the function of the chloroplasts?
What do they contain?

Answer 17

the site of photosynthesis (which makes food for the plant)
- they contain a green substance called chlorophyl (which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis)

Question 17

What is the function of the Permanent vacuole?

Answer 17

contains cell sap (a weak solution of sugar and salts)

Question 18

REMEMBER:
the cells of algae (e.g. seaweed) also have a rigid cell wall and chloroplasts

Answer 18

:0

Question 19

How do the size of bacteria cells (prokaryotic) compare to plant and animal cells (eukaryotic)?

Answer 19

Bacteria cells are much smaller

Question 20

What type of organism are bacteria?

Answer 20

prokaryotes

Question 21

TRUE OR FALSE:
Bacteria cells contain chloroplasts and mitochondria?

Answer 21

FALSE

Question 22

What do bacterial cells have instead of a ‘true’ nucleus?

Answer 22

a single circular strand of DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm (single DNA loop)

Question 23

What are plasmids?

Answer 23

small rings of DNA

Question 24

What subcellular structures can be found in bacteria cells? (5)

Answer 24

- cytoplasm - cell membrane - cell wall - single DNA loop (may also contain 1 or more plasmids)

Question 25

What do we study cells with?

Answer 25

microscopes

Question 26

What does it mean to magnify an image?

Answer 26

make it look bigger

Question 27

How do light microscopes work and what do they let us see?

Answer 27

they use light and lenses to form an image of a specimen and magnify it they let us see induvidual cells and large subcellular structures, like nuclei

Question 28

How do electron microscopes work?

Answer 28

they use electrons (instead of light) to form an image

Question 29

What is resolution?

Answer 29

the ability to distinguish between two points (higher resolution gives a sharper image)

Question 30

Why are electron microscopes better for studying cells? (3)

Answer 30

- they have a much higher magnification than light microscopes - they have a higher resolution than light microscopes - they let us see smaller things in more detail

Question 31

What parts of cells can we see using an electron microscope?

Answer 31

- the internal structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts - they let us see tinier things like ribosomes and plasmids