Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GCSE Biology > Topic 2 - Organisation (animals) (1) > Flashcards

Topic 2 - Organisation (animals) (1) Flashcards

34 35 36 37 (53 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How is the human circulatory system structured?

A
  • made up of the heart, blood vessels and blood
  • humans have a double circulatory system (two circuits joined together)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What happens in the first circuit of our double circulatory system?

A
  • the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to take in oxygen
  • the blood then returns to the heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens in the second circuit of our double circulatory system?

A
  • the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood around all the other organs of the body
  • the blood gives up its oxygen at the body cells and the deoxygenated blood returns to the heart to be pumped to the lungs again
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of the heart?

A

the heart is a pumping organ that keeps blood flowing around the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Whata er the walls of the heart mostly made of?

A

muscle tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What component of the heart ensures that blood flows in the right directon?

A

valves
- they prevent it flowing backwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart that pump blood aroung?

A
  • right atrium
  • left atrium
  • right ventricle
  • left ventricle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does the heart get its own supply of oxygenated blood?

A
  • coronary arteries branch off the aorta and surround the heart, making sure that it gets all the oxygenated blood it needs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the role of the coronary arteries?

A

supply oxygenated blood to the heart itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What chamber of the heart supplies deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

A

right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood o the other organs of the body?

A

left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the left ventricle do?

A

pumps oxygenated blood around al other organs of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the right ventricle do/

A

pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs where gas exchange takes place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is your natural resting heart rate controlled by?

A

a group of cells in the right atrium wall that act as a pacemaker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do the cells in the right atrium wall act as a pacemaker?

A
  • the cells produce a smalll electric impulse
  • this spreads to the surrounding muscles causing them to contract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What causes a patent to have an irregular heartbeat?

A

the natural pacemaker cells don’t work properly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is often used when a patient has an irregular heartbeat?
What does this do?

A
  • an artificial pacemaker is often used to control heartbeat
    the device is implanted under the skin and has a wire going to the heart
  • It produces an electric current which keeps the heart beating regularly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the three types of blood vessels?

A
  • arteries
  • veins
  • capillaries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of the arteries?

A

Carry blood away from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of the capillaries?

A

involved in the gas exchange of materials in the tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of veins?

A

these carry blood to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the name of the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart?

23
Q

What type of blood vessel in involved in the exchange of materials at tissues?

24
Q

What type of blood vessel carries blood to the heart?

25
What is blood in the organisation of an organism?
blood is a tissue
26
What are the 4 main components of blood?
- red blood cells - white blood cells - platelets - plasma
27
What is the function of the red blood cells?
to carry oxygen from the lungs to all the cells in the body
28
State 3 main ways in which red blood cells are adapted to their function
- their shape is a biconcave disc - this gives a large surface area for absorbing oxygen - they don't have a nucleus - allows more room to carry oxygen - contain a red pigment called haemoglobin - carries oxygen
29
What happens to red blood cells in the lungs?
haemoglobin binds to oxygen to become oxyhaemoglobin
30
What happens to red blood cells on body tissues?
oxyhaemoglobin splits into haemoglobin and oxygen, to release oxygen into the cells
31
Why do people living at high altitudes produce more red blood cells?
- the more red blood cells you have, the more oxygen can get to your cells - at high altitudes, there is less oxygen in the air, so people produce more red blood cells to compensate
32
What is the function of white blood cells?
To defend against infection
33
State a difference between the structure of red and white blood cells?
- white blood cells have a nucleus, red blod cells do not
34
Explain the three ways in which white blood cells defend against infection
- change shape to engulf foreign microoganisms (phagocytosis) - produce antibidies to fight microoganisms - as well as antitoxins to neutralise any toxins produced by the microorganisms
35
What is the function of platelets?
- they help clot blood at a wound - this stops all your blood pouring out and stops microorganisms from getting in
36
What are platelets made up of?
- they are small fragments of cells (RBCs) - they have no nucleus
37
What can a lack of platelets cause?
excessive bleeding and bruising
38
What is plasma and what does it do?
a pale straw-coloured liquid which carries just about everything in blood
39
Name 10 things that plasma carries in blood?
1) red blood cells 2) white blood cells 3) platelets 4) nutrients (like glucose and amino acids) 5) carbon dioxide 6) urea 7) hormones 8) proteins 9) antibodies (produced by the white blood cells) 10) antitoxins (produced by the white blood cells)
40
How does plasma carry nutrients like glucose and amino acids?
these are the soluble products of digestion which are absorbed from the gut and taken to the cells of the body
41
How does plasma carry carbon dioxide?
from the organs to the lungs
42
How does plasma carry urea?
from the liver to the kidneys
43
What is cardiovascular disease?
a term used to describe diseases of the heart or blood vessels (such as coronary heart disease)
44
Name two methods used to combat coronary heart disease?
- stents - statins
45
What is coronary heart disease? What can this result in?
when the coronary arteries that supply blood to the muscle of the heart get blocked up by layers of fatty material building up. this causes the arteries to become narrow - blood flow is restricted and there's a lack of oxygen to the heart muscle (this can result in a heart attack)
46
What are stents? What do they do?
- Stents are tubes that are inserted inside arteries - They keep the arteries open so that blood can pass through to the heart muscles - this keeps the person's heart beating (and the person alive)
47
What are the advantages of stents?
- they lower the risk of a heart attack in people with coronary heart disease - effective for a long time - recovery time from the surgery is relatively quick
48
What are the diadvantages of stents?
- risk of complications during the operation (e.g. heart attack) - risk of infection from surgery - risk of patients developing a blood clot near to the stent (this is called thrombosis)
49
What is cholesterol?
Cholesterol is an essential lipid that your body produces and needs to function properly too much of a certain type of cholestorol (LDL 'bad' cholesterol) can cause health problems
50
How can too much 'bad'/LDL cholesterol cause health problems?
too much bad cholesterol in the bloodstream can cause fatty deposits to form inside arteries which can lead to coronary heart disease
51
What are statins? What do they do?
- Statins are drugs which can reduce the amount of 'bad' cholesterol present in the bloodstream - This slows down the rate of fatty deposits forming
52
State 3 advantages of statins?
1) reducing the amount of 'bad' cholesterol in blood reduces the risk of strokes, coronary heart disease and heart attacks 2) As well as reducing the amount of bad cholesterol, statins can increase the amount of a beneficial type of cholesterol ('good'/HDL cholesterol) in your bloodstream - this removes bad cholesterol from the blood 3) Some studies suggest that statins may also help prevent some other diseases
53
State 3 disadvantages of statins?
1) Statins are a long-term drug that must be taken regularly (risk of someone forgeting to take them) 2) Sometimes cause negative side effects (e.g. headaches), Some of these can be serious (kidney failure, liver damage and memory loss) 3) The effect of statins isn't instant (It takes time for their effect to kick in)

GCSE Biology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions