Topic #1: Cell Biology (except Cell Division) (Paper 1) Flashcards
What is a Eukaryotic cell?
A cell that has a definitive nucleus.
A eukaryote is what?
An organism that is made of eukaryotic cells.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A cell with no definitive nucleus eg. Bacterium.
Name all of the animal cell organelles and their functions.
Nucleus - Hold genetic information and controls cell activites
Cytoplasm- Where chemical reactions take place
Ribosomes- Protein synthesis
Mitochondria- aerobic respiration takes place
Cell membrane- control substance flow in and out of the cell.
What organelles do plant cells have that animal cells don’t, and what are the functions?
Vacuole- affect rigidness of the cell
Cell wall made of cellulose- protect the cell
Chloroplasts- absorb sunlight for photosynthesis
List all the meter - unit conversions in standard form.
Meter = 1 Centimeter= 1x10^-2 Millimeter= 1x10^-3 Micrometer= 1x10^-6 Nanometer= 1x10^-9
Name 3 specialised cells in animals and 3 in plants.
Sperm, Muscle, Nerve
Phloem, Xylem, Root Hair
What is cell differentiation?
Cells differentiate into different types of cells.
Animal cells do so early, and lose the ability, while plant cells do not, and can differentiate whenever it is necessary.
Give the formula for magnification
size of image/actual size
What is the maximum incubation temperature for a bacterial colony?
25 degrees celcius
Define diffusion.
The movement of particles in gas or a solution from a high concentration to a low concentration via a concentration gradient.
What factors affect the rate of diffusion and how?
Temperature- higher temperature increases rate
Surface area- larger area means higher rate
Difference of concentrations- higher difference means faster rate
What is osmosis?
Diffusion with water instead of gas
What is active transport?
Moving particles from a low concentration to a high concentration, this requires energy.
