Topic 1 - Impact Of Globalisation On Employment Flashcards
(68 cards)
1
Q
Give 3 reasons why a business would go global ?
A
- Cost
- Climate
- Competition
2
Q
Why might a business choose to go global because of cost ?
A
A business may choose to go global because of cost because it is cheaper to produce goods in other countries than in Northern Ireland due to different factors like cheaper work force (cheaper wages), cheaper raw materials or cheaper utilities.
3
Q
If a business chooses to go global due to cost what are the benefits to the consumer and benefit to the business ?
A
Benefit to consumers - The products being sold in shops may be cheaper
Benefit to business - They may possibly make more profit if the cost of producing the products is lowered. Also with cheaper products businesses can be more competitive and attract more customers with their appealing prices therefore leading to increased profit
4
Q
Why might a business choose to go global because of Climate ?
A
A business may choose to go global due to climate because some countries can produce goods that cant be produced in Northern Ireland such as coffee, so the goods are imported here for sale. Fruits and vegetables are another example of goods which we import from other countries due to their climate where they can be grown all year round
5
Q
What is the benefit to the consumer and the business of a business going global because of climate ?
A
Benefit to the consumer - Greater choice of goods to buy
Benefit to business - Greater choice of goods can attract more customers and therefore lead to more profit
6
Q
Why might a business choose to go global due to competition ?
A
A business may choose to go global due to competition because they may have an opportunity to sell products in other countries in competition with other local or global businesses.
The goods or services which the business sells may not be on offer or available in another country therefore leading to theirs being the only one on the market and leading to more customers and more profit or they may be able to provide their goods or service at a higher quality or cheaper price again attracting more customers and leading to increased profit
7
Q
What is the benefit of a business going global due to competition to the consumer and the business ?
A
Benefit to consumers - There is more choice and better quality products and services
Benefit to business - Selling products in other countries could result in increased profit for the business and more job opportunities
8
Q
What are imports ?
A
Imports are goods or services that are brought into a country from another country
9
Q
What are exports ?
A
Exports are goods or services that are being sold to another country
10
Q
What are the top 5 UK exports in 2009 ?
A
Medicines
Petrol
Cars
Other oils
Engines/motors
11
Q
What were the top 5 UK imports in 2009 ?
A
Cars
Petrol
Aerospace
Telecoms
Medicines
12
Q
What is globalisation ?
A
Globalisation is the movement of goods, people and ideas around the world
13
Q
What are the benefits of globalisation (going global) to a business ?
A
- Globalisation gives the business a larger market and so this could lead to increased trade
- They have more export opportunities in a global market, meaning they have more opportunities to sell their goods which can lead to increased profit
- The business has the opportunity to learn more efficient business methods and tactics through sharing ideas with other countries in the global market
14
Q
What are the disadvantages of globalisation on a business ?
A
- It may lead to the closure or shut down of businesses due to the increased competition of being in a global market
- There may be lanuage barriers, so it may be difficult to communicate in a market particularly with customers, where there is a different language being spoken. This may lead to less customers due to lack of communication and understanding so therefore less income/profit
- Businesses will need money for re-training staff to work in a global market for example, to deal with the skills needed to break into foreign markets, this may mean the business may lose a lot of money in the short term when retraining staff
- Fluctuation in money markets, if a business is importing into the UK the price of the goods will depend on te strength of the pound against other currencies, e.g if a business imports chocolates at 1 euro a unit, it will cost much more if one euro is worth 90p than if one euro is worth 70p, meaning that depending on the money market the business may loss profit on imported goods resulting in a decreased income.
- Transport arrangements can be expensive and take time to arrange, which means that the business can lose money in the short term
15
Q
What are the benefits of globalisation to an employee ?
A
- The employee has the opportunity to gain new skills
- promotion as the business expands globally and new job roles become available
- opportunity to learn a new language or travel abroad as a part of a promotion
- have an increased wage
16
Q
What are disadvantages of globalisation to an employee ?
A
- There may be redundancies due to under-pricing from foreign businesses on the global market meaning the employee will be left jobless which can lead to financial worries and/or struggles which can have a negative impact on the employees mental health and can lead to homelessness.
- There may be a lot of pressure placed on the employees to travel to other countries and stay there to establish a business which may not be ideal if the employee has a family to look after or other responsibilities within their home country such as leaving behind their house. This can also cause a lot of stress on the employee because they feel they are letting the business down if they don’t move but also may feel stuck choosing between their job or family.
17
Q
A
18
Q
What are the benefits of globalisation to a consumer ?
A
- Globalisation means that there is a wider variety and range of products and services meaning the consumer has more choice in the goods or services they may choose to purchase
- Increased competition can lead to better value for the consumer, if there are lots of similar products or services due to globalisation then this will lead to increased competition between business and cheaper prices for the consumer as businesses lower prices to attract customers
19
Q
What are the benefits of globalisation to Northern Ireland ?
A
- Northern Ireland has the opportunity to trade on an equal basis with countries all over the world
- There is an attractive investment in jobs/communities in Northern Ireland
- ## Building relationships with countries around the world
20
Q
What is the primary sector ?
A
The primary sector is the sector of the industry that harvests or extracts raw materials or products from the earth- farming, fishing, mining and oil drilling
21
Q
What is the secondary sector ?
A
The secondary sector is the manufacturing part of the industry - manufacturing and construction
22
Q
What is the Tertiary sector ?
A
The tertiary sector is the service part of the industry - services: business/public - finance, healthcare, retail, education
23
Q
What are some jobs in the primary sector ?
A
- Fishing
- Farming
- Oil drilling
- Mining
24
Q
What are the secondary sector jobs ?
A
- Manufacturing
- Construction
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What are some tertiary sector jobs ?
Providing services to businesses or public
- Retail - selling goods to customers
- Finance - banking, insurance, financial advice
- Transportation - bus, air, boat
- Healthcare - hospitals, clinics
- education - schools
26
What are the 5 different types of employment ?
- Permanent - employee with paid leave entitlements and work contract of unlimited duration
- Temporary - employee with a fixed- term contract
- Seasonal - a worker who finds employment in certain seasons such as christmas
- Freelance - a person who is self employed and hired work for different companies on particular assignments with no long-term commitments to them
- Teleworking - working from home
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What is meant by permanent employment ?
Permanent employment means the employee has paid leave entitlements and a work contract that has an unlimited duration
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What is meant by temporary employment ?
Temporary employment is when the employee has a fixed term contract and is not working there permanently
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What is meant by seasonal employment ?
Seasonal employment is when a person finds employment in certain seasons such as Christmas or holidays
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What is freelance employment ?
Freelance employment is when a person who is self employed sells services to employers/businesses on particular assignments with no long-term commitment to any of them
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What is teleworking ?
Teleworking is working from home, can be while communicating with the employer by phone, fax or computer
32
What are the 3 types of employers ?
- Self employed - working for yourself
- Public sector - working for the government
- Private sector - working for a private business
33
List ways in which employment patterns have changed
- There are now more women in work
- There has been a rise and growth in teleworking (working from home)
- There has been a decline in manufacturing industries such as shipbuilding
- There has been a growth in the service industries such as banking, tourism and IT
34
Why have employment patterns changed ?
- Advances in technology - as technology is constantly changing and these changes bring change in the jobs offered and skills required by employers for certain jobs. Introduction of machines and computers have resulted in a reduction in staff in many industries
- The availability of appropriately skilled workers because of the new developments in technology and in a global market, employees now need to learn much more new skills for the growing and developing tertiary sector
- The cost of the labour force - because as a result of globalisation many companies based in Northern Ireland decided to have their goods produced abroad due to the cheaper workforce so people employed in the factories in Northern Ireland therefore either lose their jobs or have to restrain to have the employability and technological skills that are now most looked for.
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What is teamwork ?
Teamwork is when work is performed by a team of people which are working towards a common goal
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Why is teamwork an important skill in the workplace ?
- It enables sharing of ideas and creativity in the workplace
- Can lead to increased production if everyone is working together
- Can lead to more equal distribution of work meaning everyone is working the same amount and noone is left doing everything on their own
- Can bring job satisfaction which can mean lower stress levels and a better atmosphere in the workplace
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What are the benefits of teleworking ?
- It reduces the need for an office space
- It allows the employees to have more flexible working hours to suit their needs
- It reduces the time spent traveling to and from work meaning the employee has more time for leisure and reduces contribution to pollution
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What is migration ?
Migration is the process of people moving between countries
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What are immigrants ?
Immigrants are people who move into a country
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What is meant by the term immigration ?
Immigration is the process of coming to live in a foreign country
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What are emigrants ?
Emigrants are people who have left their own country to go elsewhere
44
What is meant by the term emigration ?
Emigration is the movement of people to another country
45
What are some of the reasons why people migrate ?
- Employment - As other countries may have more job opportunities than their home country and may have better pay too
- To avoid/ escape war - People do not want to remain in a country that is being ravaged by war and may move to a safer, more peaceful country
- To reunite with family or move in with family - if they have been separated for many years and decide to come back together
- For medical treatment - If the country has superior and better medical services and facilities
46
Give reasons why people would choose to immigrate to Northern Ireland ?
- Northern Ireland offers higher salaries than some other countries
- Northern Ireland has a better standard of living in terms of housing, education and healthcare than some other countries
- Cost of living - Compared to other parts of the UK the cost of living and property prices are generally lower
- Education - people often immigrate to Northern Ireland as it is a popular destination for higher education and they believe the education system is of a higher standard than other countries, allowing them to pursue their courses of choice and can provide them with better career prospects for the future
47
What are the advantages of immigration to Northern Ireland to immigrants ?
- The immigrants have better pay meaning they can live more comfortably and be able to possibly afford better housing, luxuries etc
- They have a better education system
- Better health service and benefit system, as northern Ireland had free NHS healthcare and benefits to help immigrants with housing
- Most people in Northern Ireland are welcoming so the immigrants will have a pleasant experience moving to Northern Ireland and not feel judged or unwanted which may put extra stress on them
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What are the advantages of immigration to Northern Ireland for Northern Ireland ?
- There is more choice of employees for employers in Northern Ireland
- The migrant workers may fill vacancies that other local workers 'do not want
- Migrant workers may bring new ways or different approaches to completing tasks or solving problems which may help businesses better their way of working more efficiently and effectively
- Immigrants bring cultural diversity to Northern Ireland through their language, food and music etc
50
What are the disadvantages of immigration to Northern IReland for the immigrants ?
- They may get poorly paid work due to not being from Northern Ireland perhaps because they aren't fluent in English or lack skills or training
- They may face exclusion and discrimination from society due to peoples prejudice thoughts leading them to feel socially isolated
- They may have poor housing conditions as they may receive housing from the housing executive which may not be of the best standard
- There may be a language barrier and they may find it hard communicating with the local and filling out forms and applications etc
51
What are the disadvantages of immigration to Northern Ireland for Northern Ireland ?
- There is more competition for the job vacancies
- Migrants may not end up staying in Northern Ireland taking their skills and expertise with them
- There may be more pressure and strain on services such as housing and healthcare due to the increased population of people
- The migrant workers may not spend their wages and might send the money back to their home country which will not help Northern Irelands economy
52
Why may people choose to leave Northern Ireland (emigrate) ?
- They may want to move to a warmer and drier climate
- They may move to study like university of example and decide to stay there
- They may move due to better career opportunities abroad, like promotions or need for skills
- They may move because they want a change in lifestyle for example outdoor activities, beach lifestyle, large city environment
53
What are the advantages of emigration from Northern Ireland to the emigrants/Northern Ireland ?
- The people leaving may gain a better standard of living elsewhere
- They may have better job opportunities and higher chances of promotion
- Emigration is not permanent so emigrants may return, bringing back their experience and expertise which can be put to good use and shared back in Northern Ireland
54
What are the disadvantages of emigration from Northern Ireland for Northern Ireland ?
- Northern Ireland may experience brain drain, meaning the loss of highly skilled professionals if they move to another country
- The loss of highly skilled professionals can lead to jobs not being filled
- The movement of one individual can cause a chan reaction in a family and filter out into a community
55
List new technologies that have come into existence in the past decades ?
- Home computers
- Smart phones
- Social media
- World Wide Web
- Smart watches
56
How have the different new technologies influenced our lifestyles ?
- Home computer - the ability to use the computer at home and access the world wide web has influenced our lifestyle as we can now shop online, compare prices and communicate with each other without leaving our homes
- Smart phones - smart phones have even further enhanced these abilities meaning that we can use the world wide web and access social media and the internet at all times on the move.
57
What are five advantages of new technologies ?
- Easy access to information, we can quickly and easily search for pretty much any information we may need with the click of a button using different search engines such as Google or Chrome
- Easy access to price comparison sites, meaning that people can check and compare prices before purchasing items especially when buying things like car insurance which enables them to get the best prices and save money and spend more responsibly
- Easy communication, new technologies such as smart phones allow us to communicate with each other even when countries are apart which is really handy when communicating with family abroad or with friends.
- New technologies also provide us with home entertainment with many streaming services such as Netflix and Disney Plus which allow us to watch movies from the comfort of our own home and allow us to unwind and relax which can help improve mental health.
- Ability to work from home, new technologies have enabled us to work from home as home computers can now be used for communicating with employers, sending emails, creating projects and even video conferencing meaning that people can work from home without needing to go to an actual office
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What are the disadvantages of new technologies ?
- Can be dangerous as people can be subject to abuse or fraud online, people may be sent malicious content and links which may result in the user falling for a scam and potentially getting their information or money stolen
- New technologies can experience information overload and systems can crash leading to important data or information being lost or files being damaged and unable to open.
- Price comparison can be time consuming and often doesn't include transport/delivery costs
- there are security risks, businesses can get hacked, information can get leaked etc
59
How has the growth of new technologies had an impact on businesses ?
If a business wants to remain competitive in the global market then it must seek out and use the latest technologies to keep one step ahea of the competition
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What are the advantages of new technology to businesses ?
- Some tasks may become easier and more manageable if they are computerised.
- This may mean businesses need to employ fewer employees, which saves the business money
- New technologies may also mean that things such as calcuations are done much quicker and without errors, saving the business both time and money
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What are the disadvantages of new technologies to a business ?
- Staff may need different and specific skills to know how to operate and use the new technologies and so it may be difficult to find staff with these skills, particularly if new technology continues to grow at the rate it has
- Transferring to a computerised system can be expensive, which may mean that the business experiences a loss initially
- Regular updates, maintenance and potential upgrades to new technologies can be very expensive especially for small businesses
- Businesses may become targets for cyber attacks and may end up in financial loss from getting hacked or confidential business or customer information getting leaked or stolen, which may damage a companys reputation and lose customers trust resulting in loss of customers
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How has the growth of new technologies had an impact on jobs ?
Some jobs that were once common are no longer in existence because of the growth of new technologies . Including typists, telephone operators and factory jobs.
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What jobs are in decline because of the growth of new technologies and why ?
Typists - As people now complete these activities themselves on their own computers
- Telephone operators - replaced by touch sensitive phones and pre-recorded messages
- Factory jobs - as computers and robots can now perform some of these tasks more efficiently than humans
64
Give reasons for skills shortages in Northern Ireland ?
- Globalisation
- New Technologies
- Disappearance of some traditional careers or reduction in numbers employed e.g.counter staff in banks
- The governments aim to reduce the proportion of people employed in the public sector and increase those in the private sector
- Government aims to promote a highly skilled population in order to encourage enterprise and attract investment from global companies for e.g. in science and engineering, construction and manufacturing, digital technologies and financial services
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What are new careers emerging as a result of ?
New careers are emerging due to :
- Globalisation
- Technological advances
- The gig economy
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What areas of employment is there a higher demand ?
- Although job opportunities exist across all occupational areas there are higher demand in areas relating to :
- Science
- Technology
- Engineering
- Maths
- Creative industries
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Give examples of the important areas for the growth of theine Northern Ireland Economy :
- ICT - jobs in software development
- Health and Life sciences - biological scientists, pharmacists, biochemists
- Advanced manufacturing and engineering - mechanical, civil and electrical engineers
- Renewable energy and recycling - Green energy scientists and engineers
- Business and Financial services - Accountants, pension advisor, banking, insurance companies
- Agri-food - Food scientists, nutritionists, environmental health officers
- Creative and Digital Media - Cloud computing, mobile technologies, computer games, digital entertainment and cyber security
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