Topic 1 - Introduction to cells Flashcards
(15 cards)
Define cytosol…eg’s of functions within it…
the concentrated aqueous gel area outside of the membrane-enclosed organelles within the cell. Range of large & small molecules and is the site of many chemical reactions fundamental to cell’s existence.
Eg’s: - breakdown of nutrient molecules
- manufacture of proteins via ribosomes
Define cytoplasm…
includes all of the cell’s contents outside the nucleus including membrane-bound organelles
Define mitochondria…eg. of it’s function
Essentially present in all eukaryotic cells, the major source of energy production ie. cellular respiration - oxidation of food molecules & oxygen -> ATP & CO2
Contain their own DNA
Thought to have derived from engulfed bacteria -> symbiotic relationship
What would happen to animals, fungi & plants if they lacked mitochondria?
unable to use O2 to extract max amount of energy from food molecules. O2 would become a poison for them -> they would become anaerobes
Define nucleus…
compartment in eukaryotes that stores genetic information in DNA. Enclosed by 2 concentric membranes (nuclear envelope)
usually the most prominent organelle in eukaryotic cell
When do chromosomes become visible? What instrument captures this?
just before eukaryotic cell is about to divide using light microscopy
Define chloroplasts…
large green organelles found only in cells of plants & algae
capture energy from sunlight
T or F - chloroplasts are found in plants & fungi
flase - plants & algae
Define lysosomes…
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Define chromosomes…
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Define golgi apparatus…
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Define peroxisomes…
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Define plasma membrane…
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Define endoplasmic reticulum…
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Define cytoskeleton…
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