Topic 1: Introduction to Veterinary Dentistry

Question 1

What are the components of the diphyodont dentation

Answer 1

I –incisor
C-canine
P- premolar
M-molar

Question 2

What is the primary canine dental formula

Answer 2

Primary teeth : 2 X I3/3, C1/1, P3/3 = __
No primary molars
Primary teeth eruption: 3 to 12 weeks of age

Question 3

What is the permanent canine dental formula

Answer 3

Permanent: 2 X I3/3,C1/1,P4/4, M2/3=__

Eruption: 3 – 7 months of age

Question 4

What is the primary cat dental formula

Answer 4

Primary: 2 XI3/3,C1/1,P3/2=___
no molars
Primary teeth eruption: 2 to 6 weeks of age

Question 5

What is the permanent cat dental formula

Answer 5

Permanent 2X I3/3,C1/1,P3/2, M1/1=___
Particularities: some teeth are missing (refer to Triadan system)
Eruption: 3 to 5 months

Question 6

What composes the bulk of the tooth

Answer 6

dentine

Question 7

what is the dentine covered by on the crown

Answer 7

enamel

Question 8

what is the dentine covered by on the root

Answer 8

cementum

Question 9

what does the centre of the tooth contain

Answer 9

pulp

Question 10

what is the composition of enamel

Answer 10

96% inorganic, mainly hydroxyapatite crystals, with 4% water and fibrous organic material.

Question 11

describe enamel

Answer 11

Hardest substance in the body and covers the exterior surface of the crowns only.

Question 12

how does enamel form

Answer 12

Formed by ameloblasts within the tooth bud before eruption.

Question 13

what can cause damage to the enamel when young

Answer 13

Damage when animal is young: causes irreparable changes (enamel hypoplasia, tetracycline usage)

Question 14

is the enamel capable of repair when it has already erupted?

Answer 14

yes but Capable of only very limited repair when damaged, once the tooth has erupted.

Question 15

Describe dentine

Answer 15

Main supporting structure of the tooth

Second hardest tissue in the body after enamel.

Question 16

what is the composition of dentine

Answer 16

70% mineral and acellular, as hydroxyapatite crystals, and 30% organic as water, collagen and mucopolysaccharide.

Question 17

what is the main structure of dentine

Answer 17

dentinal tubules, which extends rom the external surface to the pulp.

Question 18

what is the function of the dentinal tubules if the dentine is exposed

Answer 18

which can transmit bacteria + pain to the pulp if the dentine is exposed
Can also transmit bacteria to the PL

Question 19

describe the primary dentine

Answer 19

Primary dentine forms before tooth eruption.

Question 20

describe secondary dentine

Answer 20

Secondary dentine forms after eruption, as the tooth develops with age.
It develops from the odontoblasts living within the pulp and is laid down in layers within the pulp cavity.

Question 21

describe tertiary dentine

Answer 21

Reparative or tertiary dentine forms as a result of trauma to the odontoblasts; this can be thermal, chemical, bacterial or mechanical.

Question 22

describe tertiary dentine and its appearance

Answer 22

Tertiary dentine has few tubules and is darker in colour and very dense in structure.
We see tertiary dentine when enamel has been worn away, like stone chewers.

Question 23

Describe cementum

Answer 23

Covers the enamel free roots & provides a point of attachment for the periodontal ligament. Capable of formation, destruction and repair and remodels continually throughout life.
It is nourished from vessels within the periodontal ligament.

Question 24

what is the composition of cementum

Answer 24

Similar in composition to woven bone it is 45-50% inorganic, primarily as hydroxyapatite crystals, and 50-55% organic material.

Question 25

describe the pulp of the tooth

Answer 25

This living tissue within the tooth is located in the pulp chambers and root canals. Well innervated and vascularised

Question 26

what is the pulp composed of

Answer 26

comprises connective tissue, nerves, lymph and blood vessels, collagen and undifferentiated reserve mesenchymal cells

Question 27

what can physical trauma to the pulp cause

Answer 27

may cause bruising, hemorrhage or pulpitis.

Question 28

what can over-heating from polishing or scaling cause to the pulp

Answer 28

pulp necrosis

Question 29

what can happen to the pulp after pulp exposure after a tooth fracture

Answer 29

can cause pulpitis or pulp necrosis

Question 30

what can happen to the pulp after a loss of blood supply following trauma

Answer 30

ischemic necrosis

Question 31

describe the gingiva

Answer 31

surrounds the teeth and part of the alveolar bone, forming a cuff

Question 32

what are the types of gingiva

Answer 32

free and attached

Question 33

Attached gingiva is separated from the mouths mucosa at the _______

Answer 33

mucogingival junction

Question 34

what is the name for the gingival tissue in the space between the teeth

Answer 34

Interdental Papilla

Question 35

What is the name of the space between the teeth

Answer 35

interproximal space

Question 36

What is formed by the gingival margin

Answer 36

sulcus

Question 37

What is measured by the dental probe

Answer 37

the sulcus depth

Question 38

what is the normal mm for the dental probe in a dog

Answer 38

1-3mm

Question 39

what is the normal mm for the dental probe in a cat

Answer 39

0.5-1mm

Question 40

describe the gingival sulcus

Answer 40

Many kinds of epithelium with rapid cell turnover | Junctional epithelium is where it attaches to tooth surface, and breaks down in periodontal disease.

Question 41

What is the periodontal ligament composed of

Answer 41

Comprised of taut collagen fiber bundles

Question 42

What does the periodontal ligament do

Answer 42

attaches the root cementum to the alveolar bone. It acts as a suspensory ligament for the tooth

Question 43

to remove a tooth with an elevator, what do you need to break

Answer 43

the periodontal ligament

Question 44

What are tooth roots encased in

Answer 44

alveolar sockets

Question 45

What happens to the alveolar bone when there is tooth loss

Answer 45

the bone atrophies

Question 46

what is the most dense alveolar bone that lines the socket is called

Answer 46

cribiform plate

Question 47

on a radiograph of the alveolar bone, it is seen as a white line called ______

Answer 47

lamina dura

Question 48

What are the components of the periodontium

Answer 48

1- Gingiva 2- Periodontal ligament 3- Cementum 4- Alveolar bone

Question 49

what is the function of the periodontium

Answer 49

Serves to support the tooth and absorb forces

Question 50

When you have a disease of the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum or the alveolar bone, what is it called?

Answer 50

periodontitis

Question 51

What does apical mean

Answer 51

towards the root

Question 52

what does buccal mean

Answer 52

surface of tooth towards the cheeks

Question 53

what does coronal mean

Answer 53

towards the crown

Question 54

what does distal mean

Answer 54

surface away from the midline

Question 55

what does facial mean

Answer 55

can be labial or buccal surface

Question 56

what does inter proximal mean

Answer 56

surface between two teeth

Question 57

what does labial mean

Answer 57

surface of tooth towards lips

Question 58

what does lingual mean

Answer 58

surface of tooth towards tongue

Question 59

what does mesial mean

Answer 59

surface towards front midline

Question 60

what does occlusal mean

Answer 60

surface facing tooth in opposite jaw

Question 61

what does palatal mean

Answer 61

surface of tooth towards palate

Question 62

What is the cementoenamel junction

Answer 62

where the enamel of the crown meets the cementum of the root

Question 63

what is furcation

Answer 63

the space between the roots of the same tooth

Question 64

describe the modified triadan system

Answer 64

``` Each tooth is given a 3 digit number The 1st digit denotes the quadrant For permanent teeth: Quadrant 1 : maxillary right Quadrant 2: maxillary left Quandrant 3: mandibular left Quandrant 4: mandibulary right ```

Question 65

How do you triadan number a deciduous tooth

Answer 65

After the 4 quadrants, deciduous teeth are numbered in quadrant 5,6,7,8