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CS 330 Midterm > TOPIC 1 - IT Infrastructure > Flashcards

TOPIC 1 - IT Infrastructure Flashcards

1
Q

What is IT infrastructure?

A

shared technology resources that provide the platform for the firm’s information system applications

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2
Q

Name the 5 stages of evolution of IT Infrastructure

A
  • Mainframe/mini computer
  • Personal computer
  • Client/server
  • Enterprise computing
  • Cloud and mobile computing
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3
Q

Explain and name IT infrastructure: Stage 1

A

Stage 1: Mainframe / Minicomputer

  • Very expensive
  • One centralized system
  • Controlled by operators
  • Owned by large corporations
  • Mini computers were cheaper and came along later
  • A large uni could have several mini computers
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4
Q

Explain and name IT infrastructure: Stage 2

A

Stage 2: Personal Computers

  • Used by one person
  • $4000
  • Simple word processing, accounting, and game playing
  • Users were technically sophisticated
  • Started off as text-based but evolved to a graphical user interface and mouse
  • Software market was eventually dominated by Microsoft
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5
Q

Explain and name IT infrastructure: Stage 3

A

Stage 3: Client/Server -> most common form

Two types of machines

  1. Clients: requests and uses services provided by servers, inexpensive
  2. Servers: run an application and provide it to others, more expensive
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6
Q

Explain and name IT infrastructure: Stage 4

A

Stage 4: Enterprise Computing

  • Link together different networks and applications throughout the firm
  • Link diff types of hardware, data formats
  • Use internet protocols for the network
  • Create standards for the data format
  • Use software to translate between various formats
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7
Q

Explain and name IT infrastructure: Stage 5

A

Stage 5: Cloud and Mobile Computing

  • Extension of client/server but rather than a server -> shared pool of resources: cluster of computers, software, storage
  • Can sell software applications as a service delivered over the internet
  • Mobile computing (smart phones) -> devices are smaller and can move around frequently
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8
Q

What is peer to peer?

A
  • Every machine in the network consumes (client) and provides services (server) at the same time
  • Hard to control, no central computer in charge
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9
Q

Name the 5 drivers of technology

A 
Moore’s law
Law of mass digital storage
Metcalfe’s law
Declining communication costs
The creation of technology standards
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10
Q

What is the role of the 5 drivers of technology

A

drove the evolution of IT infrastructure

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11
Q

Explain Moore’s Law

A

The number of transistors that can fit on a chip doubles every 18 months

Price of computing is cut by half every 18 months

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12
Q

Explain Law of Mass Digital Storage

A

Amount of digital information is roughly doubling every year

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13
Q

Explain Metcalfe’s Law

A

The value of a network grows exponentially as a function of the number of network members

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14
Q

Explain Declining Communication Costs

A

Lower the cost of communication -> more reliance on it to conduct business

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15
Q

Explain the Creation of Standards

A

The creation of technology standards allows competition, increase interoperability and reduces costs

examples: ethernet/wifi and html/www

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16
Q

Name the 7 components of Infrastructure

A 
Computer Hardware Platforms 
Operating System (OS) Platforms
Enterprise Applications (EA)
Data Management and Storage 
Network and Telecom Platforms
Internet Platforms
Service Platform
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17
Q

Explain Computer Hardware Platforms and what they are part of

A

Infrastructure component

  • Client machines: desktops, laptops, tablets, phones
  • Server machines: specialized high end computers, single mainframe, rack servers, blade servers
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18
Q

what are server farms

A

collections of 100,000 of rack or blade servers stored in racks in large, windowless, air-conditioned rooms

19
Q

Explain Operating system Platforms and what they are part of

A

Part of Infrastructure components
OS manages a computer’s hardware and software resources
examples: Processor, memory, peripherals, files, apps

20
Q

Explain Enterprise Application and what they are part of

A

Part of Infrastructure Components
computer programs used by organizations that integrate business applications and services across the many different departments

example: quest

21
Q

Explain Data Management and Storage and what it is part of

A

Part of Infrastructure components

Database Management System (DBMS): organize and store the company’s data

22
Q

major types of data storage

A

hard drives, solid state drives, cloud based storage

23
Q

What is RAID storage architecture?

A

RAID= redundant array of independent disks

Using many drives to achieve improvements in reliability, availability, performance, and capacity

24
Q

Define and explain RAID 0

A

Disk stripping
Improve performance -> twice the bandwidth
Decrease Reliability -> all files are corrupted if ½ disks fail

25
Q

Define and explain RAID 1

A

Disk mirroring: store same data on 2 or more disks

Improved reliability -> if one disk fails, use the copy on other disk
Improve read performance -> if one disk is busy, read data from other disk
Decreased capacity: twice as much space to store a file

26
Q

Define and explain RAID 2- RAID 6

A

Parity
Even parity: add either an extra 0 or 1 at the end of a sequence of bits in order to ensure that the number of 1’s in a sequence is even

Parity can detect if a single error (or odd number of errors) has occurred in the storage of data

27
Q

Explain an online data backup

A

instant real time backup
protects against failure of one drive
RAID 1 and RAID 5

28
Q

explain an offline backup

A

Done at the end of the day, copy and transfer to a different location
Protect against complete failure, but can only recover data from one or more days ago
Full vs incremental backup

29
Q

whata are Network and Telecome Platforms part of

A

infrastructure components

30
Q

name the parts of network hardware

A

network, hub, bridge, switch, router, firewall, network interfacing card, network operating system

31
Q

what is a network

A

a group of computers linked together to share resources

32
Q

what is a hub?

A

data received by the hub is sent to all connected devices

33
Q

what is a bridge?

A

only one input and one output, looks at destination and decides whether to forward it across to bridge or not

34
Q

what is a switch?

A

has many ports, looks at destination and decides which port to send it out on

35
Q

what is a router?

A

like a switch but connects different networks together

36
Q

what is a firewall?

A

hardware of software (or both) put between the internal network and the internet to prevent outsiders from obtaining unauthorized access to your network

37
Q

what is a network interfacing card?

A

typically ethernet, wifi, bluetooth, near field comm

38
Q

what is a network opertating system?

A

Used to be part of a network and could manage features such as users, groups, file sharing, printer access and security

OS NOW is made specifically for network hardware such as firewall or router

39
Q

what is telecom hardware

A

includes telephone and cellphone services

40
Q

what is an internet platform and what is it part of?

A

part of infrastrcuture components

ISP Provides the link from your home or company network to the rest of the internet

41
Q

difference between static and dynamic websites

A

static: site does not change unless it is edited
dynamic: web page is created using scripts + database queries, changing values

42
Q

explain website hosting

A

You can create your own or use a web hosting service using:

server, domain, IP address, web server

43
Q

what is a web server

A

software that the server runs to accept the request that web browser (clients) make

44
Q

what is a service platform and what is it part of?

A

part of infrastructure components

it is a collection of services that enable the info system to function

CS 330 Midterm (6 decks)

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