Topic 1 : Middle Ages Flashcards
(18 cards)
How did Islam say the sick should be treated ?
- Aimed to cure the patient not just care for them, because they believed Allah gave a cure for every disease.
- Cleanliness was encouraged
How did Christians say the sick should be treated ?
- Believed patients should be cared for but not treated.
- They believed disease was a punishment or test of faith from God , to cure it would be a challenge to God.
- Buy indulgences from a priest, forgiveness from sins
- Go on a pilgrimage for miracle healing
What was public health like in a monastery ( Hospitals )
- Usually attached to a monastery, would care for the sick but not treated them.
- Monks were well educated from books on leading a healthy balanced life, good diet
- Isolated from fast spreading disease
- Some had leeching houses attached to be bled
Did Christianity help or hinder medical progress?
MOSTLY HINDERED
- banned human dissection
- did not believe in curing the patient just caring for them
- church approved of Galen’s views so it was difficult to challenge his incorrect ideas
- controlled what was taught in schools and universities all across Europe , training to make old ideas understood not develop new ones.
Did Islam help or hinder medical progress?
MOSTLY HELPED
- encouraged learning, would aim to cure the patient
- Avicenna wrote a great encyclopaedia called Canon of Medicine and included all of Ancient Greek and Islamic knowledge at the time which became the standard European medical textbook until the 16th century
- banned human dissection
What role did religion play in medieval medicine ? ( Hospitals )
- Christian’s founded many hospitals to follow the example of Jesus
- Between 1000 and 1500 700 hospitals were started
- Depended on charity for money
What was public health like in a monastery ( Water )
- Had an electorate pipe system
- Some had filtering systems to remove impurities
- Washed clothes and body regularly
- Usually near rivers
- Toilets emptied into a pit
What are some of the causes of diseases people believed in ?
God
Four humours
Miasma
Public health in towns
- experienced rapid growth
- few regulations about building and waste disposal
- no dustbins or rubbish collectors
- no sewers , waste chucked on the street
Where was public health better?
Monasteries
Had elaborate pipe systems
Filtering systems to remove impurities
Toilets emptied into a pit
Monks had routines of cleanliness
Monasteries were isolated from the fast spreading disease.
Who was Abulcasis?
Islamic Doctor
- considered the father of modern surgery
- invented 26 new surgical instruments
- invented new surgical procedures
Who was Guy de Chaulkiac
French Doctor
- Wrote textbook the great surgery
- Dominated English and French surgical knowledge for 200 years
- Claimed Hugh and Theodoric of Lucca’s ideas were wrong about infection. This was the main reason their ideas had little impact
How did war affect Surgery and Anatomy in the Middle Ages ?
** HELPED**
- more patients which meant an increase in opportunities for new techniques and procedures. e.g. John of Ardene anal abscess surgery for knights.
- gained a better understanding of the anatomy while human dissection was banned
How did religion and superstition affect the development of surgery and anatomy ?
HINDERED
- both Christianity and Islam prohibited human dissection which hindered knowledge of anatomy.
How did science and technology affect the development of surgery and anatomy?
LIMITED ADVANCEMENTS
some new tools and procedures, abulcasis brought in 26 new surgical instruments
How did Role of the individual affect the development of Surgery and Anatomy?
Guy de Chaulliac - Textbook the great surgery dominated medical knowledge in England and France for 200 years
How did Communication affect the development of Surgery and Anatomy?
Knowledge shared through hand written books which would be slow. Spread knowledge across Europe.
e,g. Guy de Chaulliacs’s textbook was key in England.
How did Government affect the development of Public Health ?
Sanitation and disease were neglected except in times of major crisis e.g. the Black Death
