1: Models of criminal justice

Question 1

Identify 4 features of the crime control model (4)

Answer 1

Pick 4 of these:

-Increase in police powers
- Presumption of guilty until proven innocent
- Criminal Justice system should operate like a conveyor belt, quick and efficient
- Prioritises victims rights
- Linked to zero tolerance where no crime is acceptable
- influenced by right realism

Question 2

Identify 4 features of the due process model (4)

Answer 2

Pick any 4 of these:

• Presumption of innocent until proven guilty
• Concentrates on the defendants’ rights
• Promotes a fair trial
• Police powers should be limited
• Protection of the innocent by legislative obstacles to overcome before a conviction can occur e.g. rules about arrests, questioning, legal representation, admissibility ans disclosure of evidence
• Influenced by left realism

Question 3

What is the legislation in the due process model that you can use as an example?

Answer 3

PACE aka the Police and Criminal Evidence Act

• strikes the balance between powers of police ans rights of the public
• it covers stop&search, arrest, investigation, etc

FOR EXAMPLE:
- Stop&searches must have reasonable grounds and must be documented
- Police must justify the arrest
- Interrogation must be recorded

Question 4

What is the legislation in the crime control model that can be used as an example?

Answer 4

PACE aka the Police and Criminal Evidence Act

• Granted police the power to arrest
• Established the legal framework for police to enter and search premises subject to certain conditions like requiring a warrant

Question 5

The case study of Colin Stagg

Answer 5

• Rachel Nickell was murdered in 1992
• The media focussed on the murder and it increased the pressure on the police
• Colin fit the profile of a loner, living alone and odd behaviour - created by forensic profiler
• A police officer named ‘Lizzie James’ went undercover and contacted Colin Stagg
• For 5 months she repeatedly talked about Nickell and exchanged letters with sexual fantasies to incriminate Stagg
• The entrapment evidence was not inadmissible and the trial was acquitted in 2004
• Robert Napper was the actual murderer
• Colin spent 13 months in custody ans was awarded £706,000 in compensation

Question 6

How does Colin Stagg link to Due process?

Answer 6

• The judge threw out the case due to improperly obtained evidence (honey trap technique)

Question 7

How does Colin Stagg link to crime control?

Answer 7

• Colin was targeted as he fit the profile of a “loner” and the officers tried to obtain a confession through the honey trap technique