Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bio 30 > Topic 1 Nervous system > Flashcards

Topic 1 Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

The nervous system works in conjunction with

A

endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the nerves and endocrine system respond to both internal and external environment changes to maintain

A

homeostasis (balance) within the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

nerves are made up of

A

neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The nervous system responds via ____ messengers relayed ___

A

electrochemical,
from the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The endocrine system responds via ___ messengers relayed ___

A

chemical
through the bloodstream (hormones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Two main types of nerve cells found in the nervous system :

A

Glial cells and neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Glial cells are used for

A

structural and nutritional support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Neurons do what

A

conduct nerve impulses throughout the body and are supported by glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

basic unit of nervous system is

A

neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dendrites are

A

starting point with nucleus and branches which accept nerve impulses from other neurons and carry them twoards the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Axons are

A

longer branches which carry nerve impulses away from the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Myelin sheath

A

fat surrounding each axom , insulating the neuron , speeding up the rate of impulse transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Schwann cells are

A

a type of glial cell, responsible for producing the myelin around each axom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

node of ranvier are

A

gaps between schwann cells, electrical impulses jump from node to node
no myesin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

saltatory coduction

A

action potentials and electrical impulses that jump from node to node
this is the jumping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

axom terminal

A

the ending of the neuron where electrical signals go to be passed to dendrites and adjoining neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

myelinated neurons are vital for

A

vital for proper signal transduction within the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

myelinated neurons are
can they regenerate after injury

A

the fatty part that makes up the white matter of your brain responsible for conducting nerve impulses,
can regenerate after injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

unmeyelinated neurons make up the
can it regenerate?

A

grey matter of your brain responsible for processing information and generating nerve impulses
cannot regenerate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

three main types of neurons

A

sensory neurons, internerouns, motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sensory neurons do what

A

gather information from sensory receptors and transmit these impulses to the brain
(sensory receptors are touch,taste,sight and sound)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

interneurons do what

A

process and integrate incoming sensory information from sensory neurons and relay info to motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

motor neurons do what

A

transmit information from the brain to muscles glands and organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

which neurons are responsible for what?
takung in processing and taking out

A

Sensory take info from sensory receptors in to the brain
Interneurons process information
Motor neurons transmit information back out of brain to muscles and organs

25
CNS is
central nervous system or brain
26
the pathways / order of type of neurons
Sensory > Interneurons > Motor neurons
27
reflex arc is
a neural circuit that passes through interneurons in the spinal cord for immediate response - simplest nerve pathway
28
the reflex arc reflexs are
involuntary and unconscious ( no brain coordination)
29
5 essential components for reflex arc in order
1- Receptor 2- Sensory neuron 3- Interneuron ( spinal cord) 4- motor neuron 5 - effector
30
the speed of an impulse is dependent on
Myelin ( fatty) axons as the send information faster than non fatty ones Diameter of axons = bigger = faster
31
conduction of nerve impulses is a
electrochemical impulse and electrical event
32
the stages of nerve impulses are
1- Polarized / resting state 2- Depolarization 3- Repolarization 4- Refractory period
33
Resting state of nerve impulses is when
the inside of a neuron has a slight negative charge at rest and outside slight positive resulting in resting potential-70 mV No message is being recived
34
What happens during resting phase w sodium potassium pump
Sodium Na ions are found mostly outside and Potassium K ions within the axon along with other latge molecules that cant pass through the membrane, but membrane is slightly permable for K ions and they leak out = more positive outside and repative negative inside ENDS UP WITH MORE POSITIVE OUTSIDE AND -70 inside 3 Na out 2 K in
35
Resting state resting potential is
-70 mV
36
Depolarization occurs when
action potential occur when neurons are stimulated by an electrical impulse and reaches -55mV
37
What happens during depolarization period
an electrical impulse causes sodium Na gates to open letting them into the membrane so its slightly more positive on inside relative to the outside -70 mV turns to 40 mV membrane is depolarized Once Na reaches equalibrium the gates close
38
threshold potential is a
all or none event must reach -55 mV to work , increasing the stimulus strenght dose not increase impulse strenght it will just fire or not fire
39
tge intensity of a stimulus increase when
increased frequency of nerve impulses
40
Repolarization is when
once action potential is peaked Na+ gates close and K+ gates open letting it out of axon
41
Repolarization process
K ions leave out axon restoring initial -70mV (reversed as compared to resting state when Na leaves ) So Na is higher inside membrane
42
Refractory period or hyperpolarization is when
during repolarization so much K ions rush in tk membrane overshooting the -70mV potential instead is at like -90 mV becoming hyperpolarized and so the sodium potassium pump restores mV back to -70 but until it can do that the membrane cannot be made permable to Na
43
all or nothing stage is
when the na rushes out before depolarization but if dosent reach -55 then no tepolarization occurs
44
signal transduction across synapse is a
chemical event when axon terminal is in close contact with another neurons dendrites and the signal must cross the space between the synapse or synaptic cleft
45
synapse or synaptic cleft is
the space between the axon terminal and dentrites of subsequent cell
46
Neurotransmitters are required for
helping carry the electric impulse from one neuron to the next
47
the way of signal transduction across synapses
1. action potential reaches axon terminal of one neuron 2. Calcium channels gates within axon terminal open, calcium ions flow into cell triggering movement of neurotransmitter vesicles twoards the presynaptic membrane 3. Vesicles fuse to the membrane and neurotransmitters are released into synapses 4. They defuse across synaptic cleft to post synaptic membrane 5. they bind with receptors 6. binding induces or inhibits action potential in corresponding neuron 7. neurotransmetteurs are released by receptors and either return or are broken down by enzymes but dont go into membrane
48
Neurotransmitters types
Excitatory or inhabitory
49
Excilatory neurotransmitters
cause Na channels to open resulting in depolarization and continuing action potential
50
acetylcholine is a
excitatory neurotransmitter found in muscle cells causing contractions of muscle celks
51
chlinsterase is
the enzyme required to bteak down acetylcholine qfter action potential has occurred
52
what causes miucles to remain in constant contraction state
insecticide and netve gas block the release of cholinesterase
53
inhabitory neurotransmission
triggers K channels to open , K flows out and lowers membrane potential leading to hyperpolarization difficult to grnerate action potential
54
GABA
gamma aminobutyric acid associated either epilepsy or hunters disease type of inhabitory neurotransmitter
55
Norepinephrine
produced by adrenal glands during flight or flight response can be exicibitory or inhabitory increases blood glucose levels, decreases digestion rate
56
summation
effect produced by accumulation of neurotransmitters from two or more neurons on the second neuron
57
excitatory transmission + excitatory transmission
= action potential
58
inhabitory transmission + excitatory transmission
= balance so nothing happens

Bio 30 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions