Topic 1: Spain 1930-31 Flashcards
1
Q
Why was the Second Republic created?
A
- growth of Republicanism and socialism
- elections of 1931
- Pact of San Sebastian
- the army
- failure of Primo De Rivera’s dictatorship
2
Q
Why was Second Republic created?- Pact of San Sebastian
A
- leading opponents of military dictatorship met in San Sebastian to co-ordinate opposition in military regime
- crucial part of fall of military gvt and establishment of republic
- united Spain’s: leading socialist, liberals, conservatives, republicans in army
- created united revolutionary committee that planned to overthrow gvt
3
Q
Why was Second Republic created?- Elections of 1931
A
- although Spain was a dictatorship, some aspects of Spanish gvt was democratic
- republicans had majority in spain’s urban areas
- kings refusal to acknowledge results led to violence
- king advised by PM that he couldn’t continue without Spain’s full support
- he refused to restore order by army- instead he fled the country- opened way for the foundation of a republic
4
Q
Why was Second Republic created?- failure of Primo De Rivera’s dictatorship
A
- he was extremely unpopular
- his economic policies had caused growing hardship
- the new PM, Damaso, ended some of Rivera’s most repressive policies, hoping to diffuse opposition to the regime
5
Q
Why was Second Republic created?- the army
A
- dominated by conservatives, supporters of monarchy, officers who supported Primo De Rivera
- Spanish people had little faith in military leaders
- leading members of army had little understanding for the neeeds of the poor
- military gvt failed to improve lives of the poor
6
Q
What years was the military gvt around for?
A
1923- 1931
7
Q
Why was Second Republic created?- growth of Republicanism and Socialism
A
- elections of 1931- king acknowledged that the republicans had majorities in Spain’s urban areas
- king was advised by PM that he could not continue without support of Spain’s people
- Spanish socialist party- PSOE
- believed the republic was destined to become a mature
capitalist democracy - they knew Spain could not become a fully socialist
- believed the republic was destined to become a mature
8
Q
Who were the supporters of the Second Republic?
A
- Spanish republicans
- PSOE
- PCE
- Catalans & Basque’s
- Anti-clerics
9
Q
Who were the opponents of Second Republic?
A
- landowners + some workers
- monarchists
- church
- army
- anarchists
- industrialists
10
Q
What was life like for agricultural workers in 1930 Spain?
A
- lots of people only hired by agricultural labourer’s for short periods of the year (harvest time)
- led to unemployment and financial issues
- 1/2 the population worked on land
-in North farmers survived- full time employment
- did not make large amounts of money, but could live comfortably
11
Q
What was life like for industrial workers?
A
- early stage of development
- few pockets of industry
- Catalonia, textile, + shipping
- Basque region- iron
12
Q
How was Spain governed in Spain 1930?
A
- constitutional monarchy until 1923 (King Alfonso XIII head of Spanish state)
- king was supposed to work closely with Spanish parliament
but instead was close with Spanish military- resulted in clashes between them
- king was supposed to work closely with Spanish parliament
- Primo De Rivera’s coup- overthrew constitutional gvt and established military dictatorship
13
Q
What was the roles of the church?
A
- initially a supporter of monarchy
- Pope had extreme right-wing views
- Spain became in a weak position by anti-clericalism (poorest people) -“anti-church” attacked churches
- main role of the church- education
- financed by state
- had close relations between king + church
14
Q
What areas of Spain were independant?
A
Catalonia
Basque region
15
Q
What was the role of the army?
A
- dominated by conservatives
- army was decreasing in faith because:
- leading members had little understanding of lives, needs,
concerns of the poor - military gvt failed to improve lives of poor
- military was drain on Spain’s economy- reason for poverty of
many people
- leading members had little understanding of lives, needs,
