Topic 3 Flashcards
(30 cards)
Structure of Franco’s government: Cabinet
- made up of senior ministers
- reflected different groups that supported the regime; Falange, monarchists….
Structure of Franco’s government: Cortes
- appointed by Franco and his most senior advisors, not the people
- could offer advice to Franco
- had no power independent of Franco
How did corporation system work?
- members appointed by Council of State
- employers and worker organised into syndicates representing different economic areas
Who did the corporation system represent?
army, church, local areas, rural and urban workers
What was the Initial policies?
- gave control of primary education to Catholic Church
- contrast to republic: legalised divorce, gave women right to vote
What was the Civil Code?
- made women into virtual slaves to their husbands and fathers
- men controlled; custody of children, bank accounts, contracts
What was the Press Law?
- 1938
- gvt could regulate and restrict media
- gvt had power to appoint and dismiss staff
- could shut down publication
Franco’s New State: Social successes
- social stability- strikes & industrial unrest reduced
- falling levels of unemployment- 750,000 before war and 150,000 by 1944
Franco’s New State: Political successes
- support from Falange
- support from conservatives- likes that Autarky prioritised Spain’s interest
Franco’s New State: Economic failures
- agricultural production was lower than 1936
- couldn’t export products, reduced marker
- 1947-48: period of famine as agriculture was poor
Franco’s New State: Social failures
- living conditions decline for urban and rural workers
- high inflation meant higher prices for all goods
- underemployment- not employed to their full potential
Problems Franco had to overcome?
- wanting to replace multi-party democracy
- strengthening relationship between church and nationalists
- freedom press had
- left-wing opposition
- politcal enemies
Methods o control Spain: Using Civil War- what they did
- punish people who fought for Republicans
- Franco’s supporters were rewarded
- made propaganda to show war was started by communists
- many people did not know what happened to family members that were imprisoned
Methods of control Spain: Using Civil War- impact
- repression and terror in Nationalist zone
- Franco shown as good leader to Nationalist
- Franco’s power is shown
- Republicans at lost and no family to rely on
- Republicans blamed and hated
Methods of control Spain: political terror & repression- what they did
- Law of Political Responsibilities
- Law of Repression & Banditry
- 1947- Somaten- compromised 100,000 armed men who were entrusted with police powers
- Civil Guard had presence in any major town and city
- by 1940, 500,000 people had passed through camps
What was the Law of Political Responsibilities?
- 1939
- criminalised any person who has been involved in radical political activities
- placed Falange militia and police under military control
- people who had been left-wing since 1934 would be criminalised
- military courts could put you under house arrest and execute prisoners
What was the Law of Repression & Banditry?
- 1947
- gave gvt power to deal with threat of insurgency
- layed down harsh penalties for anybody suspected of aiding resistance fighters
Methods of control Spain: political repression and terror- impact
- 50,000 convicted of breaking law
- law allowed Franco to consolidate power
- widespread arrests and executions generated fear
Methods of control Spain: censorship, propaganda, and cult of personality- what they did
- Press Law of 1938
- gvt had power to shut down any newspaper or publisher it viewed as politically incorrect
- had power to prevent publication of books
- foreign books were banned
- produces sort films in theaters before films- bigger audience as people did not have tv
- Franco used media to create highly idolised and heroic image of himself
What was the Press Law of 1938?
- limited what newspapers could publish
- gave gvt power to dismiss editors
Methods of control Spain: censorship, propaganda, and cult of personality- impact
- manipulated public to see him as idolised figure
- wanted public to view him as powerful figure
Methods of control Spain: Education- what they did
- gave control of education to the church- believed education should have been their job
- made school compulsory for children to attend school age 6-13
- until 1973 schools segregated by gender
- 1970 general law of basic education
-improve literacy rates: 23%-12% without literate education
Methods of control Spain: Education- impact
- rise in female students
- women in secondary and university
- women’s opportunity for higher paying jobs
Methods of control Spain: Church- what they did
- supported family allowances by giving money to head of household
