Topic 1: Sterile Dosage Forms Flashcards

(74 cards)

1
Q

are pharmaceutical dosage forms that are injected through one or more layers of skin

A

parenteral preparations

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2
Q

provide the most rapid onset of action of any parenteral route

A

intravenous

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3
Q

pass out of vessel into the tissue, blood, lymph

A

extravasation

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4
Q

Clotting within a blood vessel

A

thrombosis

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4
Q

into a substance or a cell

A

infiltration

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5
Q

inflammation of the vein

A

phlebitis

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6
Q

air is introduced into the vein

A

air emboli

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7
Q

A complication wherein a circulating clot carried by the blood stream lodges into a blood vessel

A

embolism

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8
Q

Drugs intended for prolonged or delayed absorption

A

intramuscular

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9
Q

needles used for intramuscular injections

A

2 inch to 3 inches long
20 to 22 gauge in size.

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10
Q

vol of admin for intramuscular

A

NMT 5 ml - gluteal region
NMT 2 ml - deltoid arm

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11
Q

Women tend to have more fat in this region than men, so the possibility of an ___ is significant.

A

intralipomatous injection

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12
Q

complications of intramuscular

A

Abscesses
Cysts
Embolism
Hematoma
Skin sloughing
Scar formation

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13
Q

The usual site for intradermal injections

A

anterior surface of the forearm

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14
Q

needles for intradermal injections

A

3/8 inches long
23 to 26 gauge

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15
Q

Drugs that are injected for diagnostic determinations, desensitization, or immunization.

A

intradermal

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16
Q

vol of admin for intradermal injections

A

0.1 mL

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17
Q

it can be used for both short term and very long term therapies

A

subcutaneous

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18
Q

vol of admin for subcutaneous injections

A

2 mL

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19
Q

needles for subcutaneous injections

A

3/8 to 1 inch
24 to 26 gauge

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20
Q

drugs that are intradermally injected are agents for

A

diagnostic determinations, desensitization, or immunization

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21
Q

syringe used for intradermal injection

A

tuberculin syringe

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22
Q

administration is injection of a drug directly into the heart.

A

intracardiac

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23
Q

refers to injection of large volumes of a solution into subcutaneous tissue to provide a continuous, abundant drug supply. This route occasionally is used for antibiotic administration in children

A

hypodermoclysis

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24
administration refers to injection into the spinal column
intraspinal
25
administration means injection into a joint space
intra-articular
26
administration refers to injection into the joint fluid
intrasynovial
27
administration is injection into the spinal fluid; it sometimes is used for antibiotics
intrathecal
28
Liquid preparation that are drug substances or solutions thereof
injection
29
Dry solids added with suitable vehicles
for injection
30
Liquid preparation dissolved or dispersed in an emulsion medium
injectable emulsion
31
Liquid preparation of solid suspended in a suitable liquid medium
injectable suspension
32
Dry solids added with vehicles to make them injectable suspension
for injectable suspension
33
is the vehicle of the greatest importance for sterile products and especially, for parenterals since it is the vehicle for all natural fluids
water
34
It must meet the requirements for water for injection, USP
water
35
Meets requirements for Purified Water USP plus the USP "Pyrogen Test"
water for injection
36
It must not contain more than 1mg/100mL of total solids
water for injection
37
Meets requirements for Water for Injection USP plus passes the USP "Sterility Test"
Sterile Water for Injection
38
Packaged in single dose containers not larger than 1 L
sterile water for injection
39
Sterile water with antimicrobial agents
Bacteriostatic Water for Injection
40
Packaged in container not more 30 mL
Bacteriostatic Water for Injection Bacteriostatic Sodium chloride
41
benzyl alcohol poisoning
gasping syndrome
42
sterile, isotonic
Sodium chloride for Injection
43
NaCl for injection vol
154 mEq of Na and Cl per L solution
44
Contains 1 or more antimicrobials
Bacteriostatic Sodium chloride
45
“NOT FOR USE IN NEONATES”
Bacteriostatic Water for Injection Bacteriostatic Sodium chloride
46
Ringer's injection contains
NaCl, KCl, CaCl2
47
Electrolyte replenisher and plasma volume expander
ringer's injection
48
Fluid and electrolyte replenisher and systemic alkalizer.
Lactated Ringer’s
49
vehicle component for single dose
sterile water for injection
50
vehicle components for multiple doses
bacteriostatic for injection, bacteriostatic sodium chloride
51
must not be toxic, irritating or sensitizing and must not exert any adverse effect on the ingredients of the formulation
non-aqueous vehicle
52
most frequently used non-aqueous solvents
polyethylene glycol propylene glycol alcohol glycerin fixed oils
53
used as solvent for IM injection
Corn oil cottonseed oil peanut oil sesame oil
54
55
The most commonly used agents include the two mercurials
phenylmercuric nitrate thimerosal
56
the four homologous esters of
p-hydroxybenzoic acid phenol benzyl alcohol chlorobutanol
57
is one of the pathways of degradation of which can be accelerated during thermal sterilization.
oxidation
58
Antioxidants used in sterile products are classified into
Reducing agents Blocking agents Synergist Chelating agents Inert gases
59
antioxidants which function by being preferentially oxidized;
Reducing agents
60
antioxidants which block an oxidative chain reaction in which they are not usually consumed;
Blocking agents
61
ompounds increase the effectiveness of antioxidants, particularly those blocking oxidative reactions
Synergist
62
Reducing agents examples
ascorbic acid, sodium bisulfite, and metabisulfite, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, thiourea.
63
Blocking agents examples
ascorbic acid esters, butyl hydroxytoluene(BHT) and tocopherols.
64
Synergist examples
ascorbic acid, citric acid, citraconic acid, phosphoric acid and tartaric acid.
65
those that complex with catalysts which otherwise would accelerate the oxidative reactions;
chelating agents
66
chelating agent example
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid salts
67
like nitrogen and carbon dioxide have been used to displace oxygen from solution and reduced the possibility of the oxidative changes in the formulation
inert gases
68
added to maintain the required pH for many products
buffers
69
The principal buffer systems used to stabilize pH are the
acetates, citrates and phosphates
70
Compounds contributing to the isotonicity of a product
tonicity contributors
71
Reduced the pain of injection in the areas with nerve endings
tonicity contributors
72
LEORA
Loss of Electron Oxidation Reducing Agents
73
GEROA
Gain of Electron Reduction Oxidizing Agents