Topic 10

Question 1

pattern analysis

Answer 1

fundamental form of spatial analysis

employs both spatial processing and descriptive statistics

study of spatial arrangments of point or polygon features

Question 2

point pattern analysis

Answer 2

techniques that examine the proximity and density of points in space

Question 3

Ripleys K function

Answer 3

multi distances (how clustering changes with changes in neighbourhoods)

Question 4

what is teh pattern of a point pattern called

Answer 4

point dispersion

Question 5

what is the point pattern analysis

Answer 5

a simple metric of point dispersion to identify whether a point pattern is regular or clumped

based on neighrest neighbor

Question 6

point pattern analysis interpretation

Answer 6

if variance = mean, pattern is random

if variance exceeds the mean, pattern is clustered

if variance is less than mean, pattern is regular

Question 7

pattern analysis on polygons

Answer 7

Getis-ord general G

high/low cluster analysis is another common technique

useful for detecting clusters of polygons with high or low attribute values

Question 8

spatial autocorrelation

Answer 8

metrics assess the relationship between proximity and similarity of the attribute of a feature

essentially a quantitative expression of toblers law

Question 9

positive spatial autocorrelation

Answer 9

features that are close in location are also similar in attributes

Question 10

negative spatial autocorrelation

Answer 10

features that are close in location tend to be dissimilar in attributes

Question 11

zero spatial autocorrelation

Answer 11

attributes are independent of location

Question 12

the weights matrix

Answer 12

defines the locational similarity of the i (column index) and the j (the row index)

1=adjacent

0= not adjacent

Question 13

measuring spatial autocorrelation

Answer 13

any measure is simply an index that combines some measure of locational similarity with a corresponding measure of attribute similarity

Question 14

morans I

Answer 14

widely used measure of global spatial autocorrelation,

ranges from -1 to +1

Question 15

distance effects and spatial correlation

Answer 15

indices (like morans I) are measure of spatial association among attributes and provides insight into the distance affects

Question 16

hot spot analysis

Answer 16

Getis-Ord gi*

Local Moran’s I

Question 17

Getis-Ord Gi*

Answer 17

looks for hot and cold spots

evaluates z-scores to provide statistical evaluation of the significance of the high or low values

Question 18

Local moran’s I

Answer 18

cluster outlier analysis

evaluates if a point is significant