Topic 10 (Civil Rights and Black Power) Content Flashcards
(23 cards)
When was Brown v Board of Education?
What did Brown establish
Why was this significant? (2)
1954
In the field of education, separate but equal had no place
Disrupted precedent from Plessy; triggered Senator Harry Byrd’s Southern Manifesto and employment of ‘Massive Resistance’
When was Plessy? What did it establish?
1898
Established the doctrine of separate but equal in relation to the racial segregation of train cars in Louisiana
When was the Southern Christian Leadership Conference established? Why was it significant? (2)
1957
Shift from Northern secular to Southern Christian leadership Introduced new nonviolent and grassroots activism tactics
When was SNCC formed?
The Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee was formed in 1960
Who founded SNCC?
Nobody - but Ella Baker sponsored its creation, emphasising that it should be student-led
How did SNCC differ from SCLC?
SNCC was a nonviolent student committee, designed to be more equitable than SCLC, which was dominated by men
Who were the Freedom Riders?
1961 activists who were challenging conventions around interstate commerce, resulting in national media attention and federal action
What was the ruling that came about from the Freedom Rides?
Nov 1961 ICC ruling that segregation on interstate transportation and facilities was illegal
What was CORE?
Congress of Racial Equalities, established in 1942 who supported the rise of nonviolent activism through SCLC and SNCC
What was Massive Resistance?
The strategy employed in the Southern Doctrine to oppose the Brown ruling on the grounds of state rights
One example was the closing of public schools in Prince Edward County Virginia
What was the Mississippi Freedom Summer?
A 1964 voter registration drive organised by SNCC, seeking greater protections and representation for black people in politics
Faced significant violence in the Mississippi Delta
When did Black Power emerge and why?
Come back
What did the CRA achieve?
The end of de jure segregation
Why was the March on Washington significant?
1963, and mostly symbolically significant, highlighting the power of collective nonviolent action, and preceding the passing of the CRA
When was the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
1955
The first nonviolent action taken that shot MLK to the vanguard
Proved the nonviolence was a successful strategy in enacting change
Who was Fannie Lou Hamer?
An activist and organiser from humble Mississippian beginnings, who’s life story of abuse, and white-based violence encapsulates the Southern Black experience at the time
Who was Ella Baker?
A Virginian activist who advocated for grassroots leadership and was a key behind the scenes figure in NAACP, SCLC and SNCC
An important figure for the discussion of the role of women in leadership positions within CRM
What was Hamer’s congressional testimony? When? Why was it significant
At the Democratic National Convention in 1964, Hamer recounted the abuse she suffered at the hands of policemen in Winona Country after she tried to register to vote.
As a Mississippian and a sharecropper, Hamer’s testimony particularly resonated through the Southern states. LBJ’s impromptu press conference to distract highlights the felt effect
What was the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party?
An non-recognised branch of the State Democratic Party attempting to challenge the segregationist Democrats
Lowndes County Freedom Organisation
Black Panther Party, est. 1966
What was New Negro World?
A black nationalist newspaper that ties in a global pan-African movement and women’s voices
Minnie Lee Relf
1973 case of a 10 year old girl who was given a hysterectomy after her mother was tricked into signing consent
Garveyism
race-based ideals around separatism and black pride espoused by Marcus Garvey
good point to highlight split between separatists and the mainstream
