Topic 11 (Feminisms) Content Flashcards
(21 cards)
When was NOW founded? By whom?
1966 by Pauli Murray and Betty Friedan
What did NOW seek to achieve?
To achieve women’s equality in society. NOW was more focused on the legal avenues towards equality
When and what was Abramowicz v Lefkowitz?
1969, a New York class action lawsuit between (white middle class) women demanding reproductive rights and the rights of the doctor to practice medicine
Who were the Redstockings?
A group of radical feminists who were focused on the issue of abortion. They made common the ideas of ‘personal is political’ and ‘consciousness raising’ within the 60s feminist struggle
What was Article VII of the Civil Rights Act?
stipulated that no employer could discriminate on the basis of religion, sex, or national origin
Who was Pauli Murray
An women’s and civil rights activist who co-founded NOW in 1966 and is a case study for intersectionality and legal feminism
Who was Betty Friedan?
The author of Feminine Mystique, a book that addressed the housewife’s ‘problem that has no name’ based on oral testimony. Considered the trigger for second wave feminism
Kathi Sarachild key quote
‘A black woman who has an abortion… is participating in the murder of her whole people [Black men argue]’
Lucinda Cisler key idea
moderate abortion laws were dangerous to the poor woman
Equal Pay Act
1963, gave women de jure workplace equality
Operation Life
An women-run community development corporation founded by Ruby Duncan, focused on advocating for welfare and benefits for low-income mothers
Ruby Duncan
A welfare advocate in the Las Vegas area, organising sit ins in the Las Vegas strip and founding Operation Life in 1972
Food Stamp Program in Nevada
A federal program that Nevada had long resisted until the efforts of Ruby Duncan and Operation Life convinced representatives by 1973
Key ideas from the Redstockings Manifesto
collective responses to male-female relations
consciousness-raising
identifying with the poorest, most brutally exploited woman
personal experiences are the foundation of understanding
Toni Bambra, writing about the necessity for female agency and control
The pill gives the woman, as well as the man, some control. Simple as that.
What did Frances M. Beal write?
1969’s Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female, which highlights the difficulties facing the black woman in American society economically, socially, and politically, distinct from the white feminist struggle
Who was Gloria Steinem?
Another influential white feminist leader in the 60s who popularised the mainstream movement through establishing magazines like ‘Ms.’ in 1972
Angela Davis
A leader of the 1970s Black feminist movement, which sought to distinguish the struggle of the black woman from that of the white
public availability of the Pill
1960 but until 1972 physicians could deny unmarried women access to it
Griswold v Conneticut
1965 SCOTUS decision entrenching the married couple’s right to privacy (and contraception)
politics of pleasure
a late 60s rethinking of gender roles within the sexual revolution, where the woman was released from a particular box as the giver of life and an active individual receiving pleasure
