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Physics 101 > Topic 10 - Electricity & Circuits > Flashcards

Topic 10 - Electricity & Circuits Flashcards

1
Q

Cell/Battery

A
  • Provide circuit with voltage
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2
Q

Open/Closed Switch

A
  • Allows current to flow
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3
Q

Fixed Resistor

A
  • Limits flow of current
  • Resistance cannot be changed
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4
Q

Variable Resistor

A
  • Limits flow of current
  • Resistance can be changed
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5
Q

LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)

A
  • As light increases, resistance decreases
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6
Q

Thermistor

A
  • As temperature increases, resistance decreases
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7
Q

Diode

A
  • Forces current to flow in only one direction
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8
Q

LED (Light Emitting Diode)

A
  • Forces current to flow in only one direction
  • Emits light when current flows through
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9
Q

Motor

A
  • Converts electrical to mechanical energy
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10
Q

Ammeter

A
  • Measures current
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11
Q

Voltmeter

A
  • Measures volts of a component
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12
Q

What are volts measured in?

A
  • Joules per Coulomb (J/C)
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13
Q

What is an electric current?

A
  • Rate of flow of charge
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14
Q

How does changing the resistance in a circuit change the current?

A
  • As resistance increases, current decreases
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15
Q

If two resistors are in series, the net
resistance is increased. Why?

A
  • Only one path for current, so the resistance adds up
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16
Q

If two resistors are in parallel, the net
resistance is increased. Why?

A
  • Current can take multiple paths, so the resistance in each of them is less
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17
Q

Core Practical: Construct electrical circuits to show relationship between voltage, current and resistance for a resistor and lamp METHOD

A
  1. Set up the circuit with a fixed resistor.
  2. Adjust the voltage using a variable resistor.
  3. Record current readings and average them.
  4. Increase voltage gradually, repeating step 2-3
  5. Turn off between readings to prevent overheating.
  6. Record negative readings by switching terminals.
  7. Swap resistor with a filament lamp and repeat.
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18
Q

Explain how current varies with potential difference for filament lamps

A

Current increases with voltage, but not proportionally due to increasing resistance as the filament heats up.

19
Q

Explain how current varies with potential difference for diodes

A
  • Current flows in one direction with a small forward voltage drop.
20
Q

Explain how current varies with voltage for fixed resistors

A
  • As current increases, voltage increases
21
Q

To explore resistance variations in Filament Lamps:

A

Create a circuit with a filament lamp and a variable resistor in series. Measure voltage and current.

Adjust the variable resistor to change voltage across the lamp. Record voltage and current readings to see how resistance changes

22
Q

To explore resistance variations in Diodes:

A

Apply different voltages and record current to therefore record resistance

23
Q

To explore resistance variations in Thermistors:

A

Change the temperature and record voltage, to therefore record resistance

24
Q

To explore resistance variations in LDRs:

A

Change light intensity on the LDR and record voltage, to therefore record resistance

25
Q

Core Practical: Construct electrical circuits to test series circuits using resistors and filament lamps METHOD

A
  • Connect resistors or filament lamps in a single line.
  • Measure current and voltage
  • Observe how voltage divides and current remains the same in a series
26
Q

Electrical energy is dissipated as what kind of energy?

A
  • Thermal energy
27
Q

Explain ways of reducing unwanted energy transfer through low resistance wires

A
  1. Use thicker wires.
  2. Shorten wire length.
  3. Choose high-conductivity materials.
28
Q

Describe the advantages of the heating
effect of an electric current

A
  • Efficient heating for various applications.
29
Q

Describe the disadvantages of the heating
effect of an electric current

A
  • Potential energy wastage without proper insulation.
  • Safety hazards like fire and electric shock.
  • Limited suitability for high-temperature applications
30
Q

Explain how the power transfer in any circuit device is related to the potential difference across it and the current in it

A

P = I x V

31
Q

Describe how energy is transferred from battery to the energy of motors and heating devices

A

Batteries convert chemical energy to electrical energy. In devices like toothbrushes and portable heaters.

32
Q

Describe how energy is transferred from the a.c. mains to the energy of motors and heating devices

A

The a.c. mains supply electrical energy from the grid. Powers washing machines and heating elements in devices like ovens.

33
Q

Direct Current (d.c.)

A
  • Electric charge flows in one direction, like a straight line.
  • Used in batteries and many electronic devices.
  • Voltage stays the same
34
Q

Alternating Current (a.c.)

A
  • Electric charge direction alternates
  • Used in homes and most appliances.
  • Voltage goes up and down regularly.
35
Q

What is the UK’s domestic supply and its info

A
  • a.c.
  • 50hz
  • 230 V
36
Q

Explain the function of the live mains input wire

A
  • Carries electricity from the power source to the device.
37
Q

Explain the function of the neutral mains input wire

A
  • Completes the electrical circuit
38
Q

Explain the function of an earth wire in ensuring safety

A

-It provides a path for electricity to escape, preventing fires

39
Q

Explain the function of fuses or circuit
breakers in ensuring safety

A
  • Inhibtis flow of electricity if current gets too high
  • This prevents damage to other appliances
40
Q

What is the voltage between live, neutral and earth main wires?

A
  • Live Wire: Around 230 volts AC
  • Neutral Wire: Close to zero voltage
  • Earth Wire: Zero voltage
41
Q

Explain the dangers of providing any connection between the live wire and earth

A
  • Electric Shock Risk
  • Fire Hazard
  • Equipment Damage
  • Electrical System Damage
42
Q

Explain how the power ratings of home appliances relate to changes in their stored energy when they’re being used, using examples

A
  • Higher ratings mean more energy consumption (e.g. microwave uses more energy than a toaster)
43
Q

Core Practical: Construct electrical circuits to show relationship between voltage, current and resistance for a resistor and lamp VARIABLES

A
  • Dependant: current
  • Independent: voltage around
  • Control: voltage in power supply and equipment
44
Q

Core Practical: Construct electrical circuits to test series circuits using resistors and filament lamps VARIABLES

A
  • Independent: Components used (e.g., resistors, filament lamps).
  • Dependent: Circuit behaviour (e.g., brightness, current flow).
  • Controlled: Voltage of power supply.

Physics 101 (20 decks)

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