TOPIC # 10 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Question 1

The respiratory system consists of the

Answer 1

nose,
nasopharynx,
larynx,
trachea,
extrapulmonary bronchi and
lungs. In birds the trachea terminates in a flattened Y-shaped tube, the syrinx.

Question 2

nasal cavity contains the ; divided into right and left chambers by the nasal septum.

Answer 2

nasal conchae

Question 3

Initially, surface ectoderm and the rostral end of the frontonasal prominence thickens to form
bilateral

Answer 3

nasal placodes.

Question 4

The bilateral rostral openings of the nasal cavity become the (nostrils) and the
ectomesenchyme surrounding them forms cartilage of the nose

Answer 4

external nares

Question 5

Continued outgrowth of the medial lateral nasal processes elongates the

Answer 5

nasal pits

Question 6

The are separated by the formation of the palate

Answer 6

nasal and oral cavities

Question 7

The nasal cavity
opens caudally into the nasopharynx through the choanae or

Answer 7

posterior nares.

Question 8

The epithelial lining of the nasal cavity postnatally give rise to diverticula called

Answer 8

paranasal
sinuses.

Question 9

The epithelium in the floor of the nasal cavity give rise to a specialized olfactory sense
organ, the .

Answer 9

vomeronosal organ

Question 10

Each lateral nasal process gives rise to the (wing of the nose).

Answer 10

alar cartilage

Question 11

Cartilaginous ridges arise from the wall of the nasal cavity and become (t

Answer 11

conchae or
turbinates

Question 12

Frontonasal prominence=>

Answer 12

bridge of the nose

Question 13

Depression between the lateral nasal process and the maxillary process deepens to form the

Answer 13

nasolacrimal groove,

Question 14

which closes over to form the

Answer 14

nasolacromal duct

Question 15

Ectomesenchyme of VA 4 aggregates and elongates in a transverse plane to form the

Answer 15

epiglottal
swellings.

Question 16

Splanchnic mesoderm on the lateral sides of the laryngotracheal groove also aggregate and
elongate in a longitudinal plane to form bilateral

Answer 16

laryngeal swelling.

Question 17

The epiglottal swelling and the two laryngeal swelling grow together to form the with a Tshaped opening.

Answer 17

larynx

Question 18

develops from somite myotomes that migrate into VA4

Answer 18

Laryngeal muscle

Question 19

The grows caudally into splanchnic mesoderm located ventral to the
pharynx.

Answer 19

laryngotracheal groove

Question 20

Outgrowths of each extrapulmonary bronchus form future lobar bronchi, each of which gives rise
to more than dozen additional branches to form a

Answer 20

bronchial tree.

Question 21

• becomes the serous cavities of the trunk

Answer 21

Embryonic Coelom

Question 22

incorporated within the amnion (amniotic cavity) and chorion
(chorionic cavity) and allantois (allantoic cavity) that eventually form the cavity of the
chorionic vesicle.

Answer 22

Extraembryonic Coelom-

Question 23

Mesoderm lining the coelom forms the .

Answer 23

mesothelium

Question 24

In very young embryos the lungs are situated dorsal to the

Answer 24

heart

Question 25

In older embryos the lungs are situated to the

Answer 25

heart and liver.

Question 26

The right and left sides of the embryonic coelom are separated by , the latter does not develop at the level of the midgut.

Answer 26

gut and dorsal and ventral mesenteries

Question 27

the ventral mesentery is retained and liver grows into it. The portion of the ventral mesentery between the liver and stomach becomes the

Answer 27

gastrohepatic omentum

Question 28

The portion of the ventral mesentery between the liver and ventral body wall becomes the

Answer 28

falciform ligament of liver.

Question 29

The embryonic coelom houses the visceral organs and is partitioned into 3 major body cavities:

Answer 29

Anterior-ventral pericardial cavity Caudal peritoneal cavity Bilateral pleural cavities

Question 30

contains the heart.

Answer 30

Anterior-ventral pericardial cavity-

Question 31

- contains digestive organs

Answer 31

Caudal peritoneal cavity

Question 32

(channels) connecting the pericardial and peritoneal cavities and contain the lungs.

Answer 32

Bilateral pleural cavities

Question 33

the pleural cavities are initially continuous with the pericardial cavity ventrally to form the ;

Answer 33

pleuropericardial cavity

Question 34

the peritoneal cavity caudally to form the

Answer 34

pleuroperitoneal cavity.

Question 35

the pericardial cavity is continuous ventrally with the

Answer 35

peritoneal cavity.

Question 36

In the adult, the pleural and pericardial cavities are separated by

Answer 36

fibrous pericardium

Question 37

is derived from somatic and splanchnic mesoderm.

Answer 37

Pericardium

Question 38

Somatic mesoderm gives rise to bilateral that surround the common cardinal veins in the dorsal body wall.

Answer 38

plueropericardial folds

Question 39

Somatic mesoderm gives rise to bilateral that surround the common cardinal veins in the dorsal body wall.

Answer 39

plueropericardial folds

Question 40

Splanchnic mesoderm gives rise to the or mesocardium (dorsal mesentery that suspends the heart from the dorsal body wall.

Answer 40

cranial mediastinum

Question 41

Subsequent ventrolateral growth of the lungs and pleural cavities pushes the pleuropericardial septum toward the ventral midline to form the .

Answer 41

pericardium

Question 42

The diaphragm is derived from of cervical somites.

Answer 42

somatic and splanchnic mesoderm and myotomes

Question 43

–central tendinous part of the diaphragm

Answer 43

Septum transversum and pleuroperitoneal folds

Question 44

- diaphragmatic musculature, pars costalis and pars lumbaris.

Answer 44

Myotomes of cervical somites

Question 45

- results from a partial persistence of the laryngotracheal groove, its presence in the newborn causes refluxing of feed through the upper respiratory tract, and inhalation of pneumonia.

Answer 45

Tracheoesophageal fistula

Question 46

: hyaline disease- results from a lack of production of pulmonary surfactant, which may temporary. Gasping of the newborn is a sign of its presence

Answer 46

Barker foal syndrome

Question 47

- failure of closure of one or both pleuroperitoneal folds

Answer 47

Pleuroperitoneal hernia

Question 48

during the fetal development the liver dissects away from the septum transversum, occasionally leaving a central weakness in the central tendinous part of the diaphragm

Answer 48

Peritoneospericardial diaphragmatic hernia-