Topic 6

Question 1

is derived from neural crest cells. It consists of
cranial and spinal nerves and their ganglia

Answer 1

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) -

Question 2

The cranial and spinal nerves are
composed of (nerve fibers) of neurons whose cell bodies are located within the
CNS (for cranial nerves) or in ganglia (for spinal nerves

Answer 2

axons

Question 3

Classification of Neurons Based on the Number of Processes

Answer 3

Unipolar Neuron
Pseudounipolar Neuron
Bipolar Neuron
Multipolar Neuron

Question 4

• has only one process, the axon. All afferent neurons are
  unipolar and have their cell bodies in sensory ganglia (spinal or dorsal root
  ganglia and cranial ganglia).

Answer 4

Unipolar Neuron

Question 5

• has two (2) processes that arise separately from the cell
  body, fuse for a while to form 1 process and divide shortly thereafter into
  axon and dendrite.

Answer 5

Pseudounipolar Neuron

Question 6

• has two (2) processes, 1 axon and 1 dendrite

Answer 6

Bipolar Neuron

Question 7

• has three (3) or more processes: one (1) axon and 2 or more
  dendrites.

Answer 7

Multipolar Neuron

Question 8

– conduct impulses from the receptor organs to
the CNS.

Answer 8

Sensory or afferent neurons

Question 9

– conduct impulses from the CNS to target
organs.

Answer 9

Motor or efferent neurons

Question 10

• transfer sensory impulses from
  sensory neurons to efferent neurons.

Answer 10

Association neurons or interneurons

Question 11

innervate voluntary muscles and structures w/ epithelia
derived from ectoderm like skin.

Answer 11

Somatic neurons –

Question 12

innervate involuntary muscles and structures derived
from splanchnopleure like blood vessels and visceral organs.

Answer 12

Visceral neurons -

Question 13

is an axon of neuron and its sheath that connects peripheral structures w/
the brain or spinal cord

Answer 13

nerve fiber

Question 14

Majority of the nerves in the PNS end and begin in the spinal cord and are therefore called

Answer 14

spinal nerves.

Question 15

A few (12) end and begin w/ brain and are called

Answer 15

cranial nerves

Question 16

are myelinated nerves segmentally arranged along the spinal cord.

Answer 16

Spinal
nerves

Question 17

The is the pathway for sensory (afferent) nerve fibers and the
ventral root for motor (efferent) nerve fibers.

Answer 17

dorsal root

Question 18

The
unite outside and lateral to the spinal cord to form a spinal nerve

Answer 18

dorsal and ventral roots

Question 19

Twelve (12) Cranial Nerves

Answer 19

Olfactory Nerve (
Optic Nerve
Oculomotor Nerve
Trochlear Nerve
Trigeminal Nerve
Abducens Nerve
Facial Nerve
Auditory Nerve
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Vagus Nerve
Accessory Nerve
Hypoglossal Nerve

Question 20

(1) – SVA (sensory); nonmyelinated; lacks a ganglion.
➢ Arise from olfactory hair cells and terminate in the rhinencephalon.

Answer 20

Olfactory Nerve

Question 21

(II) – SVA (sensory) nerve.
➢ Arise from sensory neurons in retina and terminate in the superior colliculus of
corpora quadrigemina in the brainstem.

Answer 21

Optic Nerve

Question 22

(III) – motor
➢ Arise from the basal plate of mesencephalon and terminate in the inferior
oblique and the superior, inferior and internal rectus muscles of the eyeball

Answer 22

Oculomotor Nerve

Question 23

(IV) - motor
➢ Arise from the basal plate of mesencephalon and terminate in the superior
oblique muscle of the eye.

Answer 23

Trochlear Nerve

Question 24

(V) – mixed (sensory and motor)
➢ Three main divisions that arise from the semilunar ganglion: a. Opthalmic, b.
Maxillary, and c. Mandibular divisions.

Answer 24

Trigeminal Nerve

Question 25

, (VI) – motor ➢ Arise from the basal plate of myelencephalon and terminate in the external rectus muscle of the eyeball. When it contracts it rotates the eyeball outward (abduction).

Answer 25

Abducens Nerve

Question 26

(VII) – mixed (motor and sensory)

Answer 26

Facial Nerve

Question 27

(VIII) - sensory; presents an acoustic ganglion beneath the auditory vesicle, caudal to the geniculate ganglion of CN VII.

Answer 27

Auditory Nerve

Question 28

(IX) - mixed (sensory and motor)

Answer 28

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Question 29

(x) - mixed (motor and sensory) nerve

Answer 29

Vagus Nerve

Question 30

(XI) - motor nerve. It has a commissural ganglion, which is a continuation of the jugular ganglion

Answer 30

Accessory Nerve

Question 31

(XII) - predominantly motor nerve fibers that arise separately from the posterior myelencephalon and form a single trunk to supply the skeletal muscles of tongue.

Answer 31

Hypoglossal Nerve

Question 32

- The GSA cranial nerves are similar to the GSA spinal nerves except that the point of termination is the alar plate of the brain

Answer 32

General Somatic Afferent (GSA)

Question 33

- The GVA cranial nerves are similar to the GVA spinal nerves except that the point of termination is the alar plate of the brain.

Answer 33

General Visceral Afferent (GVA)

Question 34

) - The GSE cranial nerves are similar to the GSE spinal nerves except that the point of origin is the basal plate of the brain.

Answer 34

General Somatic Efferent (GSE

Question 35

) - The GVE cranial nerves are similar to the GVE spinal nerves except that the point of origin is the basal plate of the brain.

Answer 35

General Visceral Efferent (GVE

Question 36

- The SSA cranial nerves carry impulses from the eye and ear (involved in the relationship of the animal to external environment) to the alar plate of the brain.

Answer 36

Special Somatic Afferent (SSA)

Question 37

- The SVA cranial nerves carry impulses from the chemoreceptors in the olfactory epithelium and taste buds to the alar plate of brain

Answer 37

Special Visceral Afferent (SVA)

Question 38

) - The SVE cranial nerves conduct impulses from the basal plate of the brain to skeletal muscles w/ visceral functions.

Answer 38

Special Visceral Efferent (SVE