Topic 10 - Using Resources

Question 1

Properties of ceramics

Answer 1

Non-metal solids, high melting point, no Carbon, insulate, brittle and stiff

Question 2

Examples of ceramics?

Answer 2

Clay or glass

Question 3

How is soda-lime glass made?

Answer 3

Limestone, sand, sodium carbonate mixture

Question 4

How is borosilicate glass made?

Answer 4

Sand and boron trioxide

Question 5

What is a composite?

Answer 5

One material embedded in another

Question 6

What is a matrix?

Answer 6

A binder for fragments of a material

Question 7

What are low density polymers?

Answer 7

Durable plastic bags/bottles

Question 8

How do you make a low density polymer?

Answer 8

Moderate temp and high pressure

Question 9

What are high density polymers?

Answer 9

Rigid Drainpipes

Question 10

How do you make high density polymers?

Answer 10

Low temp and pressure w/ diff catalyst

Question 11

What are thermosoftening polymers?

Answer 11

Polymer chains entwined w/ weak intermolecular forces

Question 12

What are thermosetting polymers?

Answer 12

Monomers with cross links between polymer chains (like DNA)

Don’t soften when heated

Question 13

Why does aluminium corrode less than steel or iron?

Answer 13

When the top layer corrodes it forms aluminium oxide as a protective barriar

Question 14

What is the sacrificial method to stop rusting?

Answer 14

Put a more reactive metal in. If it’s scratched then the metal goes instead of iron

Question 15

How do you make salt water potable?

Answer 15

Desalination

Question 16

What is one method of desalination?

Answer 16

Neutralise pH
Teat for sodium and chlorine
Distill

Question 17

How is waste water treated?

Answer 17

Screened
Sedimentation
Effluent removed via aerobic digestion
Sludge broken down via anaerobic digestion

Question 18

Sedimentation

Answer 18

Sludge sinks, effluent floats

Question 19

Biological aerobic digestion

Answer 19

Oxygen pumped to encourage aerobic bacteria to break down microbes

Question 20

How are products of sludge used?

Answer 20

Methane gas - energy

Rest is fertiliser

Question 21

What is the haber process?

Answer 21

The most efficient way to make ammonium nitrate

Question 22

Where does the haber process get nitrogen from?

Answer 22

Air

Question 23

What is needed for the haber process to occur?

Answer 23

Iron catalyst
400 degrees
200 atmospheres (pressure)

Question 24

How do you make ammonia?

Answer 24

Nitrogen and Hydrogen pass over iron catalyst
Reaches equilibrium and ammonia gas cools in a condenser
N2 and H2 recycled

Question 25

High temperature in haber process favours

Answer 25

Nitrogen, hydrogen and a faster equilibrium

Question 26

High pressure favours?

Answer 26

Ammonia

Question 27

Phosphate rock and nitric acid produces?

Answer 27

Phosphoric acid and calcium nitrate

Question 28

Phosphate rock and sulfuric acid produces?

Answer 28

Calcium sulfate and calcium phosphate

Question 29

What is a single super phosphate?

Answer 29

Calcium sulphate and calcium phosphate

Question 30

Phosphate rock and phosphoric acid produces?

Answer 30

Calcium phosphate

Question 31

What is a triple superphosphate?

Answer 31

Calcium phosphate

Question 32

Where does potassium come from?

Answer 32

The ground

Question 33

What is useful about polymers?

Answer 33

Insulating, flexible, easily molded

Question 34

What is in bronze?

Answer 34

Copper and tin

Question 35

What is in brass?

Answer 35

Copper and zinc

Question 36

What can be put into gold?

Answer 36

Zinc, copper or silver

Question 37

Why is bronze better than brass?

Answer 37

Harder

Question 38

Why is brass better than bronze?

Answer 38

More malleable and lower friction

Question 39

What is galvanising?

Answer 39

Using a barrier and a sacrifice to stop rusting

Question 40

What is bioleaching?

Answer 40

Using bacteria to make copper ore soluble so it can be extracted

Question 41

What is phytomining?

Answer 41

Growing plants that contain copper only to use the ashes for electrolysis

Question 42

What is involved in a life cycle assessment?

Answer 42

Getting raw mats Manufacture and packaging Usage Disposal

Question 43

How can seawater be treated?

Answer 43

Reverse osmosis

Question 44

What is reverse osmosis?

Answer 44

Passing water through a membrane to separate the salt in it

Question 45

What are the reactants of ammonium nitrate?

Answer 45

Ammonia(NH3) and Nitric acid(HNO3)

Question 46

In the lab, how do you make ammonium nitrate?

Answer 46

Titration and crystallisation