Topic 7 - Organic Chemistry

Question 1

How does pressure increase affect equilibrium?

Answer 1

Moves to where there are fewer molecules of gas to reduce pressure

Question 2

How does concentration affect equilibrium?

Answer 2

If the conc of product goes up, reactants reduced

Question 3

Properties of shirt hydrocarbons

Answer 3

Less viscous, lower bpt, more flammable

Question 4

What is LPG and where do you find it in fractional distillation?

Answer 4

Liquid petroleum gas. Found At the top(it’s still a gas)

Question 5

From top to bottom, what are the fractions in fractional distillation?

Answer 5

LPG, petrol, kerosene, Diesel, heavy fuel oil, bitumen

Question 6

Where in fractional distillation are the longest hydrocarbons?

Answer 6

Bottom

Question 7

How do you catalytically crack crude oil?

Answer 7

Vaporise hydrocarbons, pass over hot aluminium oxide powder and split on the Aluminium oxide powder

Question 8

How do you crack hydrocarbons with steam?

Answer 8

Vaporise, add steam and heat w/ high temp

Question 9

What does unsaturated mean?

Answer 9

Has a double bond

Question 10

Which are more reactive? Alkenes or alkanes?

Answer 10

Alkenes; they have a double bond

Question 11

General formula for alkenes?

Answer 11

CnH2n

Question 12

First four alkenes?

Answer 12

Ethene
Propene
Butene
Pentene

Question 13

What happens when an alkene combusts in normal air?

Answer 13

Incomplete combustion; Forms smoky yellow flame

Question 14

What kind of bond do alkanes have?

Answer 14

Single covalent bonds

Question 15

How do you test for alkenes?

Answer 15

Orange bromine water turns clear

Question 16

What are polymers?

Answer 16

Lots of monomers joined in a chain

Question 17

What are monomers?

Answer 17

Molecules that can be joined in a chain

Question 18

What is an addition polymer?

Answer 18

Polymers made out of unsaturated monomers

Question 19

What defines an alcohol?

Answer 19

O-H bond

Question 20

Alcohol properties?

Answer 20

Flammable
Do complete combustion in air
Neutral pH
Soluble in water

Question 21

What are the first four alcohols used for?

Answer 21

Fuels

Question 22

How can you get a carboxylic acid from alcohol?

Answer 22

Oxidise it with oxygen

Question 23

If you oxidise propanol with oxygen, what do you get?

Answer 23

Propanoic acid

Question 24

What can alcohols dissolve?

Answer 24

Oil, hydrocarbons

Most things water can’t dissolve

Question 25

How is ethanol made from fermentation?

Answer 25

Enzyme in yeast (catalyst) turning sugar into ethanol

Question 26

What are the optimum conditions for fermented ethanol?

Answer 26

37 degrees Slightly acidic Anaerobic conditions

Question 27

What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?

Answer 27

C=O-OH

Question 28

Why are carboxylic acids dissolved in water weak?

Answer 28

Not all acid molecules ionises and release H+

Question 29

How are Esters made?

Answer 29

Alcohol + carboxylic acid (w/ acid catalyst)

Question 30

What is the Ester functional group?

Answer 30

COO

Question 31

How is condensation polymerisation different from addition?

Answer 31

Two products are made: a polymer and a small molecule

Question 32

What kind of monomers can be used in condensation polymerisation?

Answer 32

Two with same functional group Or One type w/ 2 diff functional groups

Question 33

What two groups do amino acids have?

Answer 33

Amino and carboxyl

Question 34

What are proteins?

Answer 34

One or more long chains of polypeptides

Question 35

What is a polypeptide?

Answer 35

Polymer of amino acids made via condensation polymerisation

Question 36

What are nucleotides?

Answer 36

Polymers of bases

Question 37

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 37

Two polymer chains (nucleotides) joined by cross linked bases

Question 38

What do sugars contain?

Answer 38

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen

Question 39

How does sugar create carbohydrates?

Answer 39

Polymerisation forms large carbohydrate polymers

Question 40

How do you make alcohol?

Answer 40

React steam with an alkene over a catalyst

Question 41

What is hydrogenation?

Answer 41

Reacting hydrogen with an unsaturated carbon over a catalyst

Question 42

How do you name a polymer?

Answer 42

Put poly(*monomer*)

Question 43

If you oxidise an alcohol what do you get?

Answer 43

Carboxylic acid