Topic 11

Question 1

The nervous system which consists of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 1

Central Nervous system

Question 2

Neurons that get information from the cranial and spinal cord

Answer 2

Sensory neurons

Question 3

Neurons that receive sensory info and pass it to motor neurons

es un paso antes de que haya una respuesta motora (inter)

Answer 3

Interneurons

Question 4

Neurons that pass info to nerves and then to the effectors (muscle glands)

Answer 4

Motor neurons

Question 5

Function that SENSES changes in external and internal environment

Answer 5

Sensory

Question 6

Function that INTERprates these changes

Answer 6

Integrative

Question 7

Function that transports info to the neuron

Answer 7

Nerve impulses

Question 8

When the neuron FIRES and there is a change in polarity due to a nerve impulse

Answer 8

Action potential

Question 9

What are the two channels in the action potential?

Answer 9

• one that makes sodium enter the axon
• one that makes potassium to the outside of the cell

Question 10

When there is a DIFFERENCE in the charge of the axon (is negative)

Answer 10

RESTing potential

Question 11

These pumps transport sodium out of the axon and potassium into the axon

Answer 11

Sodium-Potassium pumps

Question 12

When the inside of the axon goes from (-) => (+)

Answer 12

Depolarization

Question 13

When the charge inside the axon returns to negative

Answer 13

Repolarization

Question 14

Period when sodium cant go out of the axon so it creates ACTION POTENTIAL

Answer 14

Refractory period

Question 15

What happens after the refractory period is finished?

Answer 15

The sodium gets out of the axon and lets potassium in, returning to resting potential

Question 16

They are the chemicals that make two neurons communicate

Answer 16

Neurotransmitters

Question 17

They are the endings that connect to another neuron (los pelitos que no estan con el nucleo)

Answer 17

Axon terminals

Question 18

Region between an axon terminal and the other cell (chemical)

Answer 18

Chemical Synapse

Question 19

The gap that separates two neurons

Answer 19

Synaptic cleft

todo lo que dice synapse/synaptic habla de que dos cosas se unen

Question 20

It is known as the membrane of the FIRST neuron

Answer 20

Presynaptic membrane

Question 21

It is known as the membrane of the SECOND neuron

Answer 21

Postsynaptic membrane

Question 22

The sum of the excitatory and inhibitory signals

O sea que se JUNTAN todas y son felices, entonces se SUMAN felicidad :D

Answer 22

Synaptic integration

Question 23

Ingesting these can cause:
- Interfere in the action of neurotransmitters
- They block the release of neurotransmitters
- They block receptors
- They interfere with the removal of neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft

Answer 23

Ingestion of drugs (drugs in the nervous system)

Question 24

The nervous system which consists of nerves and ganglia (outside the CNS)

Answer 24

Peripheral Nervous system

Question 25

Known as a bundle of axons called NERVE fibers

Answer 25

Nerves

Question 26

What do nerves do?

Answer 26

They carry information out of the CNS

Question 27

Known as a collection of cells out of the CNS

Answer 27

Ganglia

Question 28

This system supplies nerves to the skin, skeletal muscle, and tendons

Answer 28

Somatic system

Question 29

The system that is voluntary and originated in the cerebral cortex

Answer 29

Somatic system

Question 30

A fast, automatic response to a particular stimulus (can be used to protect yourself or for health evaluation)

Answer 30

Reflex

Question 31

It is known as a contraction of the skeletal muscle (remember that skeletal muscle moves voluntarily so it must have to do with a system that is voluntary as well)

Answer 31

Somatic reflex

Question 32

The type of reflex you do NATURALLY is called

Answer 32

Inborn reflex

Question 33

The type of reflex you LEARN is called

Answer 33

Acquired reflex

Question 34

The type of reflex that occurs in the SPINAL CORD

Answer 34

Spinal reflex

Question 35

The type of reflex that occurs in the BRAIN STEM

Answer 35

Cranial reflex

Question 36

When a sensory neuron and a motor neuron connect (synapsis) this reflex happens

Answer 36

Monosynaptic reflex

Question 37

It is the pathway followed by nerve impulses

Answer 37

Reflex arc

Question 38

If the reflex arc is damaged, reflexes can be

Answer 38

Absent or abnormal

Question 39

It is the dendrite at the end of a sensory neuron that RESPONDS TO STIMULUS | RECIBE estimulos

Answer 39

Sensory receptor

Question 40

When a sensory receptor reaches the threshold (a limit of stimulus) it

Answer 40

Triggers a nerve impulse

Question 41

The part in which the nerve impulses leave the sensory receptor and arrive at the spinal cord or brain stem (PNS) | ¿Qué hay en el cerebro? muajsjasja

Answer 41

Sensory neuron

Question 42

Regions of grey matter in the CNS | Controls memory, movement and emotions

Answer 42

Integrating center

Question 43

Where nerve impulses leave the integrating center and arrive at the EFFECTOR (MUSCLE GLANDS)

Answer 43

Motor neuron

Question 44

These are parts of the body that RESPOND TO MOTOR nerve impulses

Answer 44

Effectors

Question 45

The system that regulates the activity of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

Answer 45

Automatic system

Question 46

This system is automatic and involuntary, it supplies nerves to all internal organs

Answer 46

Automatic system

Question 47

It is the FIRST neuron used in the automatic system to synapse at GANGLION, found in CNS

Answer 47

Preganglionic fiber

Question 48

It is the SECOND neuron used in the automatic system, found in GANGLION

Answer 48

Postganglionic fiber

Question 49

This reflex isn't perceived, it is a response of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

Answer 49

Automatic reflex

Question 50

- Digestion - Heart rate - Urination Are all examples of this reflex

Answer 50

Automatic reflex

Question 51

This division of the automatic system consists of preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord

Answer 51

Sympathetic division

Question 52

This division is important in emergencies, what does it do?

Answer 52

SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM - Speeds heart rate - Dilate bronchi - Dilate pupils - Secretes adrenaline - Causes fight or flight state

Question 53

This division of the automatic system consists of neurons in the cranial nerves and the spinal cord (craniosacral region)

Answer 53

Parasympathetic division

Question 54

This division promotes internal responses such as

Answer 54

- Rest - Digestion - Slows down heartbeat

Question 55

This mood disorder can be caused by psychological, biological, and environmental factors

Answer 55

Depression

Question 56

What are some of the symptoms of depression?

Answer 56

- Sad empty feelings - Decreased pleasure - Changes in sleep - Feeling of guilt and worthlessness - Thought of death or suicide

Question 57

Depression is a risk factor for

Answer 57

Heart diseases

Question 58

This neurotransmitter regulates mood, appetite, and sensory perception

Answer 58

Serotonin

Question 59

This neurotransmitter is involved in alertness, concentration, and motivation

Answer 59

Norepinephrine

Question 60

This neurotransmitter regulates movement, emotion, motivation, and pleasure

Answer 60

Dopamine

Question 61

What do drugs do when used for depression treatment (medically prescribed)?

Answer 61

They increase these neurotransmitters in the brain

Question 62

Emotion that brings pleasure

Answer 62

Happiness

Question 63

People with happiness may have:

Answer 63

- more fullfiling relations - higher incomes - better work performance - good health - low levels of cortisol (stress)