Topic 11 - Describe the examination findings of inspection, palpation and auscultation of the canine thorax! Flashcards

1
Q

How to examine thorax?

A
  1. Inspection
  2. Palpation
  3. Auscultation
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2
Q

What to inspect with the thorax?

A

Skin on chest - Long coat might make it difficult
Posture
Gait
Respiratory movement

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3
Q

Normal posture of dog:

A

Standing on all 4 legs, equal weight

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4
Q

What can cause change shape of the skin of chest?

A
  1. Lordosis will change the shape of the chest
  2. Oedema in chest can collect centrally and change the shape
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5
Q

Which parameters to observe during respiratory movements?

A
  1. Frequency
  2. Rhythm
  3. Type
  4. Depth
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6
Q

Normal frequency of respiratory movements

A

15-30 breaths per minute

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7
Q

Normal reasons for increased frequency of respiratory movements:

A
  1. Excitement
  2. Work
  3. Obesity
  4. High temperature
  5. Pregnancy
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8
Q

Abnormal reasons for increased frequency of respiratory movements:

A
  1. Fever
  2. Hypoxia
  3. Hypercapnia
  4. Pain in the respiratory organs
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9
Q

Abnormal reasons for decreased frequency of respiratory movements:

A
  1. CNS problems
  2. Severe pain
  3. Shock
  4. Toxicosis
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10
Q

Normal rhythm of respiratory movements

A

Regular and even

Normally inspiration is a bit longer than expiration

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11
Q

Reasons for a dog to hold its inspiration:

A
  1. Narrowed upper airway
  2. High abdominal pressure due to pregnancy, ascites etc
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12
Q

Reasons for a dog to hold its expiration:

A
  1. Decreased lung capacity
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13
Q

Reasons due to shorter inspiration and expiration:

A

Pain

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14
Q

Reasons due to longer inspiration and expiration:

A
  1. Exhausting work
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15
Q

Reasons due to abnormal inspiration and expiration:

A

pain in the chest

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16
Q

Reasons due to asymmetric inspiration and expiration:

A

Pain in one lung lobe

17
Q

Normal type of respiratory rhythm in dog:

A

Costabdominal

18
Q

Reasons for abnormal costal respiratory rhythm:

A
  1. Problems with diaphragm
  2. Abdominal pain
19
Q

Reasons for increased respiratory rhythm:

A

Pregnancy

20
Q

Reasons for abnormal abdominal respiratory rhythm:

A

painful chest disease
Paralysis of the intercostal muscles

21
Q

Normal depth of respiratory:

A

Medium deep

22
Q

Reasons for shallow depth of respiratory movements:

A

Painful chest or diaphragm

23
Q

Reasons for deep depth of respiratory movements:

A
  1. Exercise
  2. Hypoxia
24
Q

Which parameters to observe during palpation?

A
  1. Temperature of skin
  2. Fremitus
  3. Check for pain and deformities
25
Q

Normal temperature of skin on the thorax:

A

Same as the surroundings

26
Q

What is fremitus, and how to check for it?

A

vibration transmitted through the body

By placing a hand on the body

27
Q

How to ausculate?

A

Start from the front and go towards back, and then from up to down.
Auscultate every 3rd of the thorax, in a quiet environment

28
Q

Normal respiratory sound of dog:

A

Soft, blowing sound

29
Q

Which different respiratory sound do we listen for during auscultation?

A
  1. Heart sound
  2. normal respiratory
  3. Bronchial sound
30
Q

Where do we listen for the bronchial sound?

A

Right behind the scapula