Topic 8 - Describe the examination findings of the upper airways in the cat! Flashcards

1
Q

What is part of the upper airways?

A

Trachea to nose

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2
Q

Name the different parts included in the upper airways:

A
  1. Nose
  2. Paranasal sinuses
  3. Larynx
  4. Pharynx
  5. Trachea
  6. Palate
  7. nasopharynx
  8. oropharynx

Coughing is also included

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3
Q

Which parameters to check in the nose?

A
  1. Nasal plane, nasal openings and nostrils
  2. Nasal discharge
  3. Breath
  4. Respiratory sounds of the nostrils
  5. Look at shape and form of the nose
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4
Q

Normal breath:

A
  1. Symmetrical from both nostrils
  2. Check strenght
  3. Check smell (should be none)
  4. Temperature
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5
Q

Normal nasal discharge:

A

should be none

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6
Q

If nasal discharge is present, what to check?

A
  1. Amount
  2. Consistency
  3. Smell
  4. From one or both nostrils
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7
Q

Normal nasal plane:

A
  1. Moist
  2. Intact
  3. Pigmented
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8
Q

Normal respiratory sounds from the nostrils:

A

no sounds

If sounds = stridor

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9
Q

Name the different stridor types:

A
  1. Nasal
  2. Pharyngeal
  3. Laryngeal
    (4. Collapsed trachea)
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10
Q

Sound of nasal stridor:

A

Sniffing

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11
Q

Sound of pharyngeal stridor:

A

Snoring

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12
Q

Sound of laryngeal stridor:

A

Sawing

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13
Q

Sound of collapsed trachea:

A

Tooting on expiration

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14
Q

Which obstruction will give a mixed stridor?

A

Narrow trachea/bronchitis

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15
Q

Which obstruction will give inspiratory stridor?

A

Paralysis of larynx

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16
Q

How to examine palate and nasopharynx?

A

Open mouth, use mirror to examine properly at the caudal part of the mouth

17
Q

What is the oropharynx?

A

this is where the respiratory and digestive tracts cross

18
Q

How to examine the paranasal sinsuses?

A

With percussion

19
Q

Name the different paranasal sinuses:

A
  1. Maxillary (more a maxillary recess)
  2. Frontal
20
Q

Where can we find the sinuses?

A
21
Q

How to test coughing?

A
  1. Press the tracheal rings
22
Q

Different types of coughing:

A
  1. Medium held
  2. Medium intensive
  3. Medium deep
  4. unsnapping
  5. dry
  6. painless
  7. Does no reoccur
23
Q

How to inspect the larynx and pharynx?

A

Only external examination

  1. Inspection
  2. Palpation
  3. Auscultation
24
Q

normal larynx and pharynx upon inspection:

A

no swelling, no deformity and intact surface

25
Q

normal larynx and pharynx upon palpation:

A

not painful, temperature is the same as the surroundings, no abnormal masses

26
Q

normal larynx and pharynx upon ausculation:

A

Normal weak stridor during inspiration and expiration

27
Q

Can we do internal examination of larynx and pharynx?

A

Yes, but only under sedation - and is done with a laryngoscopy

28
Q

Difference between dog and cat regarding the nasopharynx:

A

The nasopharynx in cat cannot be examined without sedation, because we cannot pull out the tongue in cat