Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GCSE WJEC Biology > Topic 11 - Response + Regulation > Flashcards

Topic 11 - Response + Regulation Flashcards

(57 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the purpose of the nervous system?

A

To detect internal and external stimuli and to coordinate a response if necessary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name receptors.

A

Skin
Eyes
Ears
Chemical receptors in taste buds/nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What stimuli does the skin detect?

A

Pressure, temperature, pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What stimulus does the eye detect?

A

Light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What stimulus does the ear detect?

A

Sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What stimulus does the nose detect?

A

Smell/Chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What stimulus does the mouth detect?

A

Flavour/Chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give the components of the nervous system.

A

Brain
Spinal cord
Neurones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an involuntary reflex?

A

The majority of reflexes - rapid, automatic (protective) responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a voluntary reflex?

A

Controlled by brain, slower, informed decisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the reflex arc?

A

Stimulus -> Receptor Cell -> Sensory Neurone -> Relay Neurone -> Motor Neurone -> Effector -> Response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the job of the sensory neurone?

A

Transfer sensory information from sense organ to CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is the nucleus in the sensory neurone?

A

Detached from the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the job of the relay neurone?

A

Transfer information from sensory to motor neurones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is the nucleus in the relay neurone?

A

In the middle of the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the job of the motor neurone?

A

Transfer information from the CNS to the effector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are structural features of a neurone?

A

Myelin Sheath - surrounds axon, insulating fat layer
Dendrites - Nerve ending
Axon - Joins the sets of dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where is the nucleus in the motor neurone?

A

In the middle of the receiving dendrites, before the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the synaptic process.

A

If a stimulus is large enough, the pre-synaptic knob on one neurone releases a chemical neurotransmitter which transfers across the synaptic cleft and causes the electronic signal to restart at the post-synaptic knob.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What can prevent signals from crossing the synaptic cleft?

A

Botox, cyanide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Maintenance of constant environment in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Thermoregulatory processes in hot weather?

A

Vasodilation
Sweating
Hairs lie flat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Thermoregulatory processes in cold weather?

Study These Flashcards
A

Vasoconstriction
Shivering
Piloerection

24
Q

What is vasodilation?

Study These Flashcards
A

Blood vessels dilate so more blood flows to the surface of the skin, losing heat to radiation

25
What is vasoconstriction?
Blood vessels constrict so less blood flows to the surface of the skin, so less heat is lost to radiation
26
What is sweating?
Sweat glands produce sweat which evaporates, using energy and thus cooling the skin
27
What is shivering?
Muscles contract quickly, using energy, creating extra heat and thus warming the body
28
What is piloerection?
Hair erector muscle contracts, hairs stand up creating an insulating layer of oxygen around the body
29
What is "hairs lie flat"?
Hair erector muscle relaxes, hairs lie flat reducing the insulating layer of oxygen around the body
30
What is the effect of low glucose on the pancreas?
Glucagon secreted into the blood
31
What is the effect of low glucose on the liver?
No conversion of glucose into insoluble glycogen
32
What is the effect of low glucose on blood glucose level?
Increased
33
What is the effect of high glucose on the pancreas?
Insulin secreted into the blood
34
What is the effect of high glucose on the liver?
Conversion of glucose into insoluble glycogen and storage thereof
35
What is the effect of high glucose on the blood glucose level?
Decreased
36
What is hypoglycaemia?
When blood sugar drops too low
37
What is hyperglycaemia?
When blood sugar rises too high
38
What is the cause of Type 1 Diabetes?
Damage to beta cells in the pancreas which produce insulin so poor/no level of insulin production
39
What are the symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes?
``` Increased thirst/hunger Fatigue Blurred vision Irritability + Mood changes Frequent urination ```
40
What are the treatments for Type 1 Diabetes?
Injecting insulin | Transplant of pancreatic tissue
41
What is the cause of Type 2 Diabetes?
Resistance to insulin
42
What are the symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes?
``` Increased thirst/hunger Fatigue Numbness + tingling Frequent infection Slow-healing sores ```
43
What are the treatments for Type 2 Diabetes?
Diets | Activity
44
What stimuli can plants respond to?
Gravity Light Water
45
What are a plant's responses to stimuli called?
Tropisms - Geotropism - Phototropism - Hydrotropism
46
What are the three types of responses?
Positive, neutral, negative
47
What are tropisms caused by?
Auxin
48
What does auxin cause?
An elongation of cells by diffusing through the plant, accumulation on one side can lead to bending towards the stimulus
49
Investigation of tropisms
``` Plants grown upwards In a dark box with one open side Light source (i.e. window) Time period Name response Repeat with control (i.e. fully dark/open) ```
50
What is a tropism?
A plant's growth response to stimuli
51
Investigation of Reflexes
Drop a ruler Catch Lower the number, the faster the reaction time Repeat 3-5 times
52
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers, carried by the blood, which control many body functions
53
What is a negative feedback loop?
A change from optimal internal conditions resulting in the body responding and restoring balance.
54
How do repeats affect reaction time?
Reduce it
55
What happens to the eye in bright light?
In brighter light, the iris contracts to reduce pupil diameter, restricting light entering the eye, so the retina is protected from damage
56
What happens to the eye in low light?
The iris relaxes to increase pupil diameter, allowing more light to enter the eye so the retina can function properly
57
What is a sense organ?
An organ that contains receptor cells and responds to stimuli

GCSE WJEC Biology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions