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A Level Biology > Topic 1.2 > Flashcards

Topic 1.2 Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Organic compounds

A

Key structure and function living things and they all contain carbon atoms

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2
Q

Carbohydrate

A

Are important in cells as they are reusable energy.
In pants,fungi and bacteria are an important parts of the cell wall.

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3
Q

Monosaccharide (simple sugars)

A

One oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms

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4
Q

Triose sugars

A

3 carbon atoms

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5
Q

Pentose sugars

A

5 carbon atoms

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6
Q

Why are Ribosomes and dexyribosome important ?

A

They are important on the nucleic acid in the DNA and the RNA

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7
Q

Hexose sugars

A

6 carbon atoms

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8
Q

Disaccharide- double sugars

A

Two monosaccharide joined together. They result in a convalent bonds.

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9
Q

Monomer

A

Is a small molecule that is a single layer molecule

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10
Q

Polymer

A

A long chain many repeating units joined togeter by a chemical bond

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11
Q

Macromolecules

A

Is a large molecule often formed by polymerision

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12
Q

Starch is

A

A long chain of polymer is formed by glucose

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13
Q

Sucrose

A

A sweet tasting disaccharide

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14
Q

Glucose is a

A

Hexose sugar

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15
Q

Monosaccharides are

A

Simple sugars

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16
Q

Disaccharide

A

Made up of 2 monosaccharides units joined by a glycosic bonds

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17
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Made up of long chains by glycosic bonds

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18
Q

Deoxyribose

A

A Pentose sugars which makes up part of the DNA

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19
Q

DNA

A

Genetic material in many organisms

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20
Q

RNA

A

Nuclaic acid material in some organisms like protein synthesis

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21
Q

Isomers

A

Molecules rjat have the same chemical formula but different molecules structure

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22
Q

Condensation reaction

A

Is a molecule of water is removed from reaction as a bond is formed between them.

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23
Q

Glycosic bonds

A

Convalent bonds formed between two monosaccharides in a condensation reaction

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24
Q

Reacting sugars

A

React with Benedict’s solution

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25
Non- reacting sugars
That don’t react with Benedict’s solution
26
Polysaccharide
Most complex carbohydrates, can form compact molecules and physically and chemically inactive and bit water soluble
27
Starch
Sugars are produced in photosynthesis which are changed into starch
28
Amylose
200-500 glucose molecules
29
Amylopectin
The molecule that can be broken
30
Glycogen
Referred as the animal starch as it’s the only starch in animals
31
Cellulose in plants
As the cell wall it’s strength and insoluble cellulose
32
Oilgosaccharides
3-10 monosaccharides units
33
Hydrolics
Reaction with a bonds are broken
34
Amylose
Complex carbohydrate containing glucose. So the molecule formed unbranched chain
35
Amylopectin
Is a complex carbohydrate containing glucose joined in both bonds
36
Cellulose
Complex carbohydrate with a 1-4 bonds
37
Lipids
Are another group of organic chemicals, many plants and animals convert from spare foods. Seeds of plants containing lipids
38
What is the difference between fat and oils?
Oils are liquid at room temperature
39
Nature of lipids
Play a key feature in warter proofing organisms like feathers and fur. It’s a good insulations, low density and dissolve in organic solvent but are insoluble in water
40
Phospholipids
Fatty chains are neutral and insoluble
41
Ester bonds
A bond is formed in a condensation round
42
Monounsaturated fatty acids
Only one double covalent bonds
43
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Two or more convalent bonds
44
Hydrophobic
Molecules will not dissolve on water
45
Hydrophilic
Molecules that dissolve in water
46
Monolayer
Single closely packed atoms or molecules
47
Micelle
Spherical of molecules in water with hydrophobic areas in the middle and hydrophobic areas on the outside
48
Bilayer
Double layer of closely packed molecules or atoms
49
Unit membrane
Bilayer of structure formed by phospholipids with a hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic on the outside
50
Hydrogen bonds
Tiny negative charge are present in oxygen. Hydrogen atoms are weak
51
Disulfide bonds
Strong convalent bonds and are much stronger then hydrogen bonds and are important for holding chains in place
52
Primary Protein structure
A sequence of amino acids
53
Secondary protein structures
A chain held together by hydrogen bonds
54
Tertiary protein structure
Hydrogen bonds, disulfide bonds, ionic bonds between the amino acids
55
Quaternary protein structure
Only seen in certain proteins. Can be effective by temperature or the PH
56
Fibrous protein
Complex structure, large molecules, insoluble in water and tough
57
Collagen is
A fibrous protein that gives tendon and ligament bone to skin and is extremely strong and has a unusable structure
58
Conjugated protein
The shape very is important in the function
59
Glycoprotein
The carbohydrates parts of the molecule this helps then to hold warter
60
Amino acids are
The building blocks of protein
61
Peptide bonds
Bonds formed by condensation reaction between amino acids
62
Dipeptide
Two amino acid joined by a bond
63
Polypeptide
Is a long chain of amino acids
64
Fibrous protein
Proteins that have a long parallel chain with the occasional cross linkages
65
Disulifide bonds
A strong covalent bonds
66
Globular protein
Large proportion with complex tertiary and sometimes quanterany structures
67
Haemoglobin
Large conjoined protein involving the transport oxygen and gives blood it’s red colour
68
Denature
Protein with a double helix structure
69
Prosthetic group
Molecules which had in corporated in a conjunctive protein
70
Glycoprotein
Is a protein which a carbohydrate prosthetic group
71
Protease
Protein digesting enzymes
72
Lipoprotein
Is a protein with a lipid prosthetic group

A Level Biology (10 decks)

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