topic 1.2 Flashcards
(20 cards)
what is a acid
An acid is a compound that dissolves in water to form a solution with a pH lower than 7.
whats a PH
The pH (power of Hydrogen) number of a solution indicates its acidity. It is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
what is a base
A base is a compound that dissolves in water to form a solution with a pH higher than 7.
what is a neutral solution
A pH of 7 means that a solution is neutral it’s neither an acid nor a base.
what can you use to measure PH
You can use a pH meter or acid-base indicators to measure pH.
how do PH meters measure PH
A pH meter consists of a probe attached to a meter.
To test a fluid, you submerge the tip of the probe in it, and the meter indicates the fluid’s pH.
how do acid base indactors measure PH
Acid-base indicators are substances that can change colour when they are placed in solutions.
what are examples of acid base indactors
litmus papers and universal indiactors
how do litmus papers work
blue litmus papers turns red in an acid, and red litmus papers turns blue in a base.
what is a universal indicator
A universal indactor is a color chart. the different colors are the different PH’s. You need to have a blank litmus paper and the color is turns too is the PH
how are universal indactors and Litmus papers different
Universal indactors give the exact PH and litmus paper show if it is a base or a acid.
what is the neutralization reaction
produces water and a compound called a salt, which has a pH of 7.
Why is ordinary rainwater naturally slightly acidic?
Ordinary rainwater is naturally slightly acidic. The raindrops dissolve carbon dioxide from the air to form very weak carbonic acid,
what is the PH of normal rainwater
5.6
what is the highest acidiity (lowest PH) of rain in some parts of Canada
3
How has acid rain affected lakes in Ontario and Quebec?
Many lakes in Ontario and Quebec became so acidic that organisms could no longer survive in them.
what are some acidic lakes sometimes treated with to neutralize them?
lime (calcium hydroxide)
what is the lime mixed with so it dissolves?
water
what takes place between this limewater (base) and the dilute sulfuric acid of the lake’s water.
a chemical reaction
what does the reaction produce?
The reaction produces calcium sulfate (a salt) and water. If all the acid and all the base are used up, the solution becomes neutral.
