Topic 13 Flashcards
(42 cards)
The term “_____” originates from the name of the Roman god Pluto, the god of
the underworld who ruled over the dark, hidden realms beneath the Earth’s
surface
plutonic
The concept of plutonic rocks, or plutonism, first emerged as part of a major
scientific debate in the late 18th century between two schools of thought: the
_____ and the _______.
Plutonists and the Neptunists
Plutonic rock bodies are of
many different sizes and
shapes, all generically
called _____
plutons.
5 characterisitics of plutonic rock
- typically characterized by a coarse
crystalline texture - has holocrystalline structure
- commonly includes minerals such as
quartz, feldspar, mica, amphibole, and
pyroxene. - denser than volcanic rocks
- often form large-scale geological
structures, such as batholiths and
stocks
_____ is the termed applied to a body
of rock that has invaded older rocks.
Intrusion
Plutons can be classified into various
types based on their
size, shape, and
relationship with surrounding rock.
often consist primarily of granitic rock and are
commonly associated with mountain-building
events.
BATHOLITH
often formed through partial
melting, and followed by
erosion of the overlying rock
BATHOLITH
what type of pluton body is this? Coast Plutonic Complex in British Columbia, Canada
BATHOLITH
composition includes granodiorite, granite, and
gabbro
STOCKS
typically form from a single
magma intrusion.
STOCKS
Laccoliths, typically characterized by their
dome-shaped _____ and
or .
upper surface or slightly convex base.
what are the minerals that occurs in laccoliths ?
quartz, feldspar, and
biotite
occurs when magma
accumulates beneath the Earth’s
surface and exerts pressure on
the overlying layers
LACCOLITHS
large igneous intrusion which is lenticular in shape
with a depressed central region
LOPOLITHS
mineral composition of ______
can includes quartz, feldspar, and
biotite
LOPOLITHS
as the molten rock cools, it can cause
volume reduction, contributing to
the signature concave downward
shape of the upper surface
LOPOLITHS
defined as a pluton of igneous rock that is oriented
parallel to the bedding plane or foliation of folded
country rock
PHACOLITHS
defined as a pluton of igneous rock that is oriented
parallel to the bedding plane or foliation of folded
country rock
PHACOLITHS
primarily composed of phacoliths are
plagioclase feldspar, and
pyroxene and olivine are found in smaller
quantities
defined as a tabular sheet intrusion that
intrudes between older layers of
sedimentary rock, volcanic lava, or even
along foliation planes in metamorphic
rock
SILLS
characterized as a sheet of rock
formed when magma intrudes into a
crack or fracture in a pre-existing
rock bod
Dikes
A LAND OF FIRE AND ICE
ICELAND
These are often stratovolcanoes
or shield volcanoes with
associated fissure swarms
Central Volcanoes
