Lesson 8 Flashcards
(19 cards)
These are areas where
tectonic plates are moving apart, creating
new oceanic crust. Volcanoes at spreading
centers form as magma rises to fill the gap
between the plates.
Spreading centers
These are areas where
one tectonic plate is sliding beneath
another. The heat and pressure generated
at subduction zones can cause magma to
rise and form volcanoes
Subduction zones
These volcanoes form
over a fixed mantle plume, a hot column
of magma that rises from the Earth’s
mantle
Hotspot volcanoes
________ are recognized by an age progression from one end of the chain to the other
Hot Spot volcanoes
An ______ commonly serves as an “anchor” at one end of the chain
active volcano
The most studied and best well-known hot spot
volcanoes and seamounts define the ____________
Hawaii-Emperor volcanic chain
The most famous submarine volcano is _______, a submerged caldera located between Java and Sumatra.
Krakatau
________ are naturally forming structures found in the
ocean. They usually occur on divergent plate boundaries, where tectonic plates are moving apart.
Hydrothermal vents
A white smoker is a hydrothermal vent emitting
__________ on the ocean floor
very alkaline hydrothermal fluids
temperature of white smokers
260–300 °C
temperature of black smokers
360 °C
TRUE OR FALSE
WHITE SMOKERS release cooler water then “black smokers”.
TRUE
Where does white smokers formed?
Underwater volcanoes at spreading ridges and convergentplate boundaries produce hot springs known as hydrothermal vents
what are the composition of white smokers?
dominated by deposits of calcium-rich minerals,
including anhydrite gypsum (CaSO4) and calcite (CaCO3).
importance of white smokers?
formation of new oceanic crust by
depositing minerals at tectonic plate
boundaries
The mineral-laden fluids emitted by white smokers provide essential nutrients for a variety of microorganisms. These organisms, often _________-, form the base of the food web in these extreme environments
chemosynthetic bacteria
what causes the dark appearance of black smokers
the presence of minerals and sulfide deposits
The minerals that are commonly deposited around
black smokers include _____,_____,____,____
sulfides of iron, copper, zinc, and other metals,
