Topic 19 Antimicrobials Flashcards
(76 cards)
Deep sternal wound infections:
~Significantly worse long-term survival what is the cost to treat???
*Costs between $200 and $250k to treat
Major causes of device “failure” (like with VADS)
Infection/sepsis
along with thrombosis/hemorrhage
Biggest source of infection from the patient is the what?
patient’s skin
What is capitated payment ?
medicare only pays a certain amount for each type of procedure and if it goes over that it the hospital has to absorb it
Failure with assist devices means that what happens to the patient?
death
No amount of antibiotics can overcome the effects of what?
sterile technique
*MIC=stands for what?
“Minimum INHIBITORY Concentration”
the lowest concentration of antibiotic that inhibits bacterial growth
MBC= stands for what?
“Minimum BACTERIOCIDAL Concentration”
the lowest concentration of antibiotic that kills 99.9% of bacteria
They will use MIC and MBC on VAD patients with what?
infections
BacteriCidal antibiotic agent does what?
designed to kill bacteria
ex: penicillin
BacterioStatic antibiotic agent does what?
Stops the bacterias growth
If you mix a BacteriCidal and BacterioStatic Antibiotic what happens?
the static antibiotic prevents the bacteria from growing so it kinda works against the cidal. The combination is actually less effective
Major Pathogen Category: Gram Positive Bacteria
the bacteria takes up the blue dye for a positive result in the Gram stain test.
which type of bacteria has a thick Peptidoglycan layer? making it harder to be attacked
Gram Positive Bacteria
β-Lactam antibiotics - what type of antibiotics
are cidal antibiotics
β-Lactam antibiotics prevent the bacterial cell wall from doing what?
Prevent bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan cross-linking so newly produced bacterial cell walls are “weak” and the bacteria “fall apart” (think bacterial Marfan’s Disease)
“First Generation” Penicillins
are effective against what type of organisms?
gram-positive organisms (particularly Strep), gram negative cocci (what’s that?) and a few others, but resistance levels are high and growing
Penicillin-G
benzylpenicillin
“First Generation” Penicillins
benzylpenicillin
Penicillin-G
“First Generation” Penicillins
Staph grows in what shapes?
big colonies
strep grows in what shape?
long strips
Anti-staphylococcal Penicillins - 3 drugs
- Dicloxacillin (Dynapen)
- Nafcillin (Nallpe)
- Oxacillin
These antibiotics have a much narrower “spectrum” and are used specifically for Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
…AND SHOULD BE USED SPARINGLY
-Dicloxacillin
Dynapen
Anti-staphylococcal Penicillins
-Nafcillin
Nallpe
Anti-staphylococcal Penicillins
